Anti Flag essays

Anti Flag essays Government Intervention For many nations, it is essential to choose a system of organization that successfully and thoroughly meets the needs of all the people. While some countries have supported the idea of communism and strong government intervention in the economy, others have limited the role and power of their governing body in the marketplace. For instance, in the United States, the government has a small role in the planning and monitoring of their economy. Individuals compete heavily against one another to receive the maximum profit for themselves in an sufficient manner. The former USSR, on the other hand, used large amounts of government control to restrict competition and control the output and distribution of the goods they produced. While each country attempted to form a successful economic system for their nation, the systems that they chose to use and the amount of government intervention within these plans varied greatly. By looking at the difference in the amount of government involvement and economic success of various nations, it is apparent that limited state control is most beneficial. For instance, while the former USSR developed an economic system that contained large amounts of government intervention and regulation, it did not successfully deal with the nation's recession, grant individual freedom to its citizens, or promote competition and individual initiative among its people. The United States, on the other hand, has been recognized for its successful solutions to economic crisis, and national promotion for individual growth and competition, all with little government intervention. As demonstrated by the United States, compared with Russia's former command economy, a successful economy is one in which there is little government involvement or restriction. While every nation has experienced a period of economic crisis, the United States is an example of a nation that has dealt with many of them with limited...

controlled Environment essays

controlled Environment essays What controlled environment did you spend time in? How long? When I graduated from High School I entered into the Merchant Marine Academy at Fort Schuyler in New York. From then until I was in my mid thirties I was involved with ocean liners, tankers and ships. For periods of one year at a time I would be on a ship traveling the world, making shipments and patrolling the seas. The controlled environment was both on the ship and in the academy. Once on the ship I had to obey the rules and morals taught to us in the academy. Was there an effort to separate you from your former identity? No not really. Contrary to the NAVY, ARMY or Marines our boot camp was less severe and did not include such physical conditioning. Our personalities were not changed because we were not in combat and did not have to learn to be a killing machine. What were the most important rules you had to follow? Besides not falling in the water, we had to obey almost everything our captain told us. Our captain was like our parents his wishes were our commands. The captain set the standards and the rules for us to follow. What were the least and less important rules you had to follow? There was a uniform but it was not very important that we followed it. As an officer we had to look respectable but usually the uniform requirements were not met. We also had a curfew but that was rarely followed and it was rare for a person to get into any trouble for breaking curfew. What were some of the make-dos the inmates made up for their deprivations with? Since there was no T.V. almost every night after dinner we held chess and checkers tournament. The games were fast paced and mostly just for fun, no money was ever wagered. We also drank a lot of beer when we were at sea for extended amounts of time. Which were accepted by the authorities and which were not? Well the chess tournaments everyone enjoyed and ...

Testing Money Demand Equation, Econometrics Assignment, SAS Speech or Presentation

Testing Money Demand Equation, Econometrics Assignment, SAS - Speech or Presentation Example To interpret whether variations in dependent variable, (mt – pt) is explained or not, explanatory powers of each of the two independent variables have to be considered. If the Student’s-statistics of the respective estimated coefficients are found to be greater than the tabulated value at the given degrees of freedom, the corresponding variable is considered to be significantly explaining variations in the model and vice-versa. At 107 degrees of freedom, tabulated t-statistic is 1.99, which is lower than the estimated values in either case. Hence, each one of the two variables is found to be significantly explaining variations in the dependent variable so that variation in the model is perfectly explained. Money demand in excess of the general price level is found to be highly dependent on income and rate of interest in context of the US economy. The dependence is found to be in line with that of theory which says that demand for money is directly related to income but inversely related to the rate of interest. Moreover, the rate of interest in the nation is also gradually falling over time, revealing that the money demand in the nation is rising actually. A rise in money demand is actually a positive sign for economies which had been engulfed in a recession, since that implies a rise in aggregate demand and thus rise in national income. Hence it could be said that the US economy is actually at the verge of experiencing boom. In fact, a rising income will attract investors from all over the world thus ensure the nation a consistent period of boom. Since the number of observations is the same as that in the previous case, the degrees of freedom are equal to 107. So, using the rule mentioned above it can be said that both the intercept and time factor can explain variations in the dependent variable significantly. The model being estimated shows

Quantitative Research Proposal Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Quantitative Research Proposal - Coursework Example (Eslick, 2010) The survey will begin on the month of June when the students will be on Holidays to ensure that they carry out their visitation to the hospital regularly. There will be five nurses who will be at the reception whenever new patients are admitted to the hospital. A report shall be presented to the students every week in order to keep the records and analyze the information very well. The patients will be asked questions and be administered with questionnaires for full information recording. In the year 2009, a survey on â€Å"The diagnosis and treatment of STEMI in the emergency department† was developed and organized by the Clinical director in the Department of Emergency Medicine Joshua M. Kosowski, MD in Boston. The research and survey will be approved by the director Joshua M. whereby the survey will copy the procedures of the 2009 survey and information be tallied from the survey. All the students of the class will be administered in the same month of June and be approved to be attending the meetings at the hospital. Inferential statistics will be the best because they will give out the best required results that will be analyzed. With the independent values being patients in rural areas will not be sequential and the dependant values being patients in urban areas will be the continuous variables. The hospital is in the urban area making the information to be continuous. The null hypothesis confirms that the residence area of a STEMI patient is not correlated with the myocardial level of damage. Alternative analysis is the opposite of the null hypothesis (there is a correlation between the areas of residence of the patients and the level of myocardial) The presentation of the information samples will be presented by the Clinical director in the Department of Emergency Medicine Joshua M. Kosowski, MD. The samples in the survey will be the patients that suffer from the

The US foreign policy from 1945-1991 Case Study

The US foreign policy from 1945-1991 - Case Study Example This research will begin with the statement that the term Cold War was coined by Pulitzer prize-winning publicist Herbert Bayard Swope and refers to the intense feelings of hostility and the profound international tension and struggle for power between the the USA and then the USSR, both of which headed formidable alliances i.e. Allies and Russian satellites, respectively.   It started in 1945 and ended in 1989.   It was ‘cold’ because the relations between the two superpowers were icy but never came to a flashpoint verging on a shooting war.   The conflict involved political rivalry and advantage as well as an upper hand in the balance of power. The conflict was replete with clashes of competing ideologies i.e. between the democratic capitalist system of America and its allies and the socialist/communist system of the USSR and the satellite nations comprising the nations of the Warsaw Pact. The rivalry consisted of propaganda, military alliances, atomic arms devel opment, reconstruction programs and the rivalry to win the hearts and minds of the neutral countries, most especially the third world countries which might provide military bases, natural resources, and markets. As early as 1929, the USA and the USSR had kept each other at bay and at arms' length despite differences in political ideologies. This estrangement was intensified by the USA's policy of isolationism in the 1930's which muted whatever feelings of mistrust they had for each other. But relations were improved when the USA and the Soviet Union unexpectedly found themselves fighting side by side against fascist Germany in World War II. The warm relations, however, rapidly dissolved when midway through the war, the USA realized that the USSR was determined to retrieve all the territories in Eastern Europe that it lost prior to World War I and these are eastern Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and parts of Romania and Finland. It became clear to USA that Stalin in his paranoid fear of Germany and its military might want all of Eastern Europe to serve as its buffer states and shields from German aggression. President Roosevelt stressed that USA as adherent of the principle of self-determination wanted these states to choose for themselves the kind of government they want. The other western allies looked at Poland as strategically the bulwark of Europe which when falling into the hands of the Soviets would open the floodgates of Russians invading Western Europe. The US fears were vindicated during the 1943 Teheran Conference when Stalin finally laid his cards on the table: that he expected territorial concessions in the form of the states of Eastern Europe. Justice, to Stalin demanded that Russia be recompensed from the deaths of 16 million Russians and the massive destruction and damage to Soviet properties and machinery during the first three years of war. It dawned on President Roosevelt that reality, tradition and history dictated that self-determinatio n among the eastern European states would be anathema to Russia as any freely elected government in Eastern Europe would be hostile to Soviet ideology. Both the Yalta Conference and the Potsdam Conference in 1945 further strained the relations almost to the breaking point as Russia treacherously set up a communist government in Lublin, Poland followed by its undermining of elected non-communist governments in Czechoslovakia and Hungary. It was inevitable that the Cold War ensued in early 1946 after Berlin and Germany were divided into 4 factions i.e. Russian, American, British and French.

Teaching exam classes

Teaching exam classes Teaching exam classes Getting students to participate in writing activities in class can be an arduous task. However, our best efforts as teachers to make the prospect of writing a fun and collaborative activity, it is often met with groans of reluctance. Often, students have had negative experiences of writing in the language classroom in the past, perhaps they see it as a waste of class-time, which could be better spent practicing their oral skills, or perhaps they simply find writing a difficult and laborious task even in their first language. Whatever the reason, getting adult students motivated to write in class can be tough. However, for teachers it can be very useful to monitor students writing in class. They are at hand to answer any language difficulties, give advice on how to structure sentences in a more natural way, provide vocabulary that students are lacking and generally be available to deal with individual needs as well as noting common problem areas. This is of great benefit to students too of course, much more so than receiving a marked piece of written homework covered in red pen. Exam writing Students who are studying for exams do tend to be slightly more motivated when it comes to writing in class but still often prefer to do the actual task for homework. The following activity ideas are ways in which we can teach the nuts and bolts of academic writing in an analytical way, illustrating a step-by-step approach that will hopefully show students the value of writing in the classroom without the pressure of simply being told to put pen to paper. Each of the seven activities focuses on specific areas of writing, such as planning, layout, content, etc. However, the activities are fairly general and could be easily adapted to suit most task types that exam candidates are required to do, such as writing a formal letter or an article. In this activity students get a good idea of what examiners are looking for and learn how to avoid making common mistakes while also picking up tips on good examples of language. Students look at 2-4 model texts ranging in level from a fail to a strong pass. Real candidate answers are ideal if you get them. Students note the good and bad points about each answer and write comments under headings such as layout, organization, content, style and accuracy. Students share their comments with each other before looking at the real examiners comments if you have them. Here, students are made aware of differences in register and appropriacy of language, while building up a stock of suitable phrases they can use in formal letters. Students receive a formal letter which has several phrases written in the wrong register, i.e. informal/slang. Students identify which phrases they think are unsuitable for a formal letter and underline them. Then, they try and rewrite the phrases using a more formal style of language. Finally, students choose the correct answers from a list provided. You can make this activity more communicative by dividing the class into two groups and giving each group a different letter to work on. When they have rewritten their phrases they pair up with a student from the other group who has the answers for their letter and compare answers. How to teach an FCE class The First Certificate in English (FCE), administered by UCLES, is a general English examination for upper intermediate learners. Teaching an exam class for the first time can be daunting but experienced teachers tend to agree on the following advice. The first task will be getting to grips with the exam specifications. I need to be familiar with each of the five papers, which are Reading, Writing, Use of English, Listening and Speaking, ideally before student begin in first class. The Exams Officer in my school should have a copy of the FCE Handbook, which explains exactly what skills and language knowledge my students need to have before they take the exam, as well as providing a sample paper. Be aware of issues like learner motivation and classroom morale. Learners in exam classes tend to be more goal oriented that those in a general English class. Remember that students will have to pay a fee to sit the FCE as well as for the preparation course, the advantage of which is that having invested in an exam course then the average FCE student tends to be highly motivated to succeed. However, motivation and high morale can be very fragile things. If my students need to be familiar with the exam conditions and requirements, and regular timed practice under exam conditions will help them get used to exam rubrics, different question formats, time restraints, doing tasks efficiently and filling in the answer sheets correctly. Dont be afraid to share information with your students by explaining, for example, the marking criteria for assessing their writing tasks. Be explicit about the value of classroom activities. As well as having high expectations , I may find that my students have quite definite ideas about what an exam class should be like. A student may try to undermine by saying that discussion activities, for example, are a waste of time in an exam preparation class and that time should be spent doing grammar exercises or practice tests. However, this situation is less likely to happen if I explain at the outset that pair and group work activities are invaluable for the Speaking paper, in which candidates are examined in pairs and their ability to interact with a partner is assessed. Try to instill good study habits from the start. What my students do outside the exam classroom is just as vital in preparing for the exam. Use tutorial time to help individuals identify their strengths and weaknesses in each paper and to structure their homework/self-directed learning accordingly. Often, the most successful learners are those who keep good records of their learning. Encourage learners to keep a vocabulary notebook, organized in a way that is meaningful to them. Types of exams and exam questions There are many types of exam questions used at university and need to prepare for different types of questions in different ways. To prepare well for exams should enquire about the nature, length and value of each exam so that can allow adequate time and effort for preparation. Check assessment details in course materials and with teaching staff. May find it useful to record for each exam so that clear about what the exam will cover and when and where it will be held. This information will help guide preparation for the exam. Some different types of exams questions, with a brief description, are listed below. For each type, use the link to additional suggestions relating to this type of question, how can best prepare for it and practical strategies for answering the question: Multiple choice questions offer a range of choices from which select the most appropriate response. Short answer questions require answers of up to a paragraph. The nature of the questions may vary. Some questions may test you recall of information, others may test ability to apply concepts to new situations. Essay question require you to write an essay type response to a topic. Essay questions may be arranged in sections in the exam paper which reflect different sections of the course. Open book questions allow to bring and use reference materials in the exam room. Take home questions are questions that are given to take away and complete and then return within a specified time e.g. 24 hours. Oral questions are used to test oral language skills. Typically they are taken individually. Practical questions test practical skills and techniquesusually in laboratory, clinical or field settings. There are differences in the learning need to do for different types of questions. I previous experience of exams may mean that I have developed very good approaches for some types of questions but not for others. If I tackling new types of questions, find out about my student lecturers expectations as well as the exam requirements. The timing and duration of my preparation will be determined by a number of factors. For example, if my exam is worth a high proportion of the overall grade, I would be wise to prepare throughout the semester. If its worth a small percentage of the grade I may decide to study intensely in last few weeks, but Ill need to lay the groundwork for that study in the way I take notes and file my work throughout the semester. Exam Materials Responsible for what you leave outside the exam venue. There will be no bag drop at exam venue. Bags left outside the exam venue are left at the owners risk and are not the responsibility of the University. Responsible for what you bring into an exam. Bring only what you need for the exam, especially your student card. Cheating includes introducing into an exam venue any book, note, document, or instrument which is not authorized by the examiner or the examinations officer. The consequences are severe. About on-line learning We believe that distance learning works best when it captures, as far as possible, the dynamics of face to face learning, even when that means less flexibility (see below). A sense of isolation can cause people to drop out of distance learning courses. Our Distance/On-line Teaching Exam Classes Courses have the following key features, which ensure motivation remains high. Variety of ways of learning Through our virtual learning environment you will use the internet to communicate with tutors and fellow course members, access materials and complete learning tasks. Interaction Our virtual learning environment (VLE) allows you to communicate individually and collectively with tutors and other course members, both for social and study purposes. You will be assigned individual, group and pair tasks, as in a real classroom with the difference that, instead of all working at the same time you can log on and off and contribute at times which are convenient to you. You may, on a few occasions, be required to log on at the same time as other course members for lessons, conferences or chats in the virtual classroom. A real class of fellow students In many distance courses, learners start and finish courses at any time of the year and join an infinite number of other distance learners at various stages of their course. Our courses have start and finish dates and a defined group of participants, just like our face-to-face courses. You will have tasks and deadlines to keep and be expected to maintain an appropriate rhythm. In other words, flexibility is limited in order to maintain motivation. Learning how to learn on-line As well as learning about teaching and language you will have the opportunity to experience and reflect on the nature of on-line learning itself. Ease of use You will find it easy to use the virtual learning environment, even if you are relatively unfamiliar with this kind of learning and there will be plenty of support and guidance from tutors to deal with any queries and make sure you are on track. upload and download course information and material access materials on and off-line participate in live and non-synchronised discussions send work to tutors and receive feedback communicate with tutors and other members of the class individually and as a group. interact in ways similar to a real classroom with the advantage of being able to access it at times convenient to you. We use style/messenger or telephone for personal tutorials. You will need to have regular access to a computer with internet connection, but wont need to spend huge amounts of time actually on line. We recommend you install style if you dont have it already to take advantage of cost free calls to tutors. Conclusion All of the activities are intended to facilitate each stage of the writing process, from planning a first draft to editing the final answer. By analysis both good and bad model texts, students are made aware of what examiners are looking for and can learn to avoid common errors. Overall, this very guided approach to exam writing should make students feel more confident about attempting writing tasks.

The New Economy Essay -- essays research papers

THE NEW ECONOMY It works in America. Will it go global? It seems almost too good to be true. With the information technology sector leading the way, the U.S. has enjoyed almost 4% growth since 1994. Unemployment has fallen from 6% to about 4%, and inflation just keeps getting lower and lower. Leaving out food and energy, consumer inflation in 1999 was only 1.9%, the smallest increase in 34 years. This spectacular boom was not built on smoke and mirrors. Rather, it reflects a willingness to undertake massive risky investments in innovative information technology, combined with a decade of retooling U.S. financial markets, governments, and corporations to cut costs and increase flexibility and efficiency. The result is the so-called New Economy: faster growth and lower inflation. Most corporate executives and policymakers in Europe and Asia, once skeptical about the U.S. performance, have taken this lesson to heart. There are still widespread misgivings about the U.S. model of free-market capitalism. But driven by a desire for faster growth, combined with a fear of being left behind, the rest of the world is starting to embrace the benefits of a technology-driven expansion. But a global New Economy will not happen overnight. True, spending on technology, the most visible part of the New Economy, while not yet up to U.S. levels, is on the rise everywhere. Semiconductor sales were up 17% worldwide in 1999, while the number of Internet users in Western Europe and the Asia-Pacific region is expected to more than double over the next five years (chart). Even in a developing country such as India, the software industry is growing at a rate of 50% to 60% annually. OLD VIRTUES. But the worldwide proliferation of mobile phones and Web accounts by itself will not bring about a more vibrant global economy. What are also needed are dramatic changes in core institutions that will translate technology into faster productivity growth. That means financial markets better able to fund innovation, more flexibility in corporations and labor markets, a faster pace of deregulation, and increased competition (table). ``The New Economy is built on old virtues: thrift, investment, and letting market forces operate,'' says Treasury Secretary Lawrence H. Summers. There are signs that the process of change has started. With growth picking up in Europe, and Asia emerging fro... ...dents accounted for two-thirds of the growth in science and engineering doctorates at U.S. universities. Most of them planned to stay and work in the country. Like many other aspects of the New Economy, opening up the doors to foreign workers won't come easily in many countries. But the genie is out of the bottle--now that the U.S. has shown that faster growth is possible, no country will be able to resist it. In the end, the benefits will be well worth the pain. The Road to the New Economy Here's what countries must do to get a high-productivity, low-inflation economy BOOST INVESTMENT SPENDING on information technology as a share of GDP RESTRUCTURE CORPORATIONS to cut costs, improve flexibility, and make better use of technology OPEN FINANCIAL MARKETS to direct capital to the best uses DEVELOP VENTURE CAPITAL and IPO markets to aid innovative companies ENCOURAGE AN ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE and make it easier to start new businesses INCREASE THE PACE OF DEREGULATION especially in telecom and labor markets ADJUST MONETARY POLICY to the realities of the New Economy by waiting for inflation to appear before raising interest rates

Differences Between the Genders in Leadership Ability or Approach? Essay

To start, when people compare various successful leaders such as Donald Trump, John Rockefeller, or Henry Ford, they always use words to describe their personalities such as being tough, diligent, competitive and ambitious. A person’s personality is a set of unseen characteristics and processes that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects or people in the environment. (Daft, 2011) These personality traits define the leader and we all know people differ in many ways leading to various styles of leadership. Differences in personality, attitudes, values and beliefs will influence how people interpret an assignment or a task. Leadership effectiveness is broadly based on the leaders’ personalities and attitudes while also how effectively they interpret differences amongst employees. All of these factors affect the leader-follower interaction but will genders in leadership affect the overall leadership ability or approach? I believe that there are differences in genders in leadership abilities and approaches. If leadership is based on personalities and attitudes, I strongly believe that there are differences in leadership abilities and approaches when considering male and female roles. When considering the traits of males compared to females as leaders, men traditionally are more aggressive and assertive than women. Males tend to be subjective to competing, while in general women prefer a far less competitive environment than men. Those traits can essentially lead to various different perspectives on leadership approaches in respect to gender. Male leaders tend to be more individualistic and prefer working in vertical hierarchies relying on formal authorities and positions in their dealings with subordinates. Female leaders tend to be more collaborative, and are more concerned for relationship building, inclusiveness, participation, and caring. (Daft, 2011) So generally the differences in male traits compared to female traits will cause different approaches towards leadership styles. Gender will also affect abilities based on assumptions about the male and female traits. Research comparing leadership styles of women and men have been reviewed and there was evidence found for both presence and the absence of differences between the sexes. Stereotypical expectations that women lead in an interpersonal oriented style and men lead in a task-oriented style, was found to be false. They found results that female and male leaders do not have differences in these two styles of organizational studies. However in the research that assessed the leadership styles was consistent with the stereotypic expectations about different aspects of leadership styles. In the tendency to lead democratically or autocratically women tended to adopt a more democratic or participative approach and a less autocratic or directive approach than did men. (Eagly & Johnson, 1990) These findings can represent and can be interpreted in terms of a social role theory of sex differences. These stereotypes reveal that men are relatively dominant and controlling. There is a masculine mode of management characterized by qualities such as competitiveness, hierarchical authority, high control for the leader, and unemotional and analytic problem solving. (Loden, 1985) He also argued that women prefer and tend to behave in terms of an alternative feminine leadership model. This model is characterized by cooperativeness, collaboration of managers and subordinates, lower control for the leader, and problem solving based on intuition and empathy as well as rationality. He based his findings around the idea that women and men, including those who are managers in organizations, behave stereotypically to some extent. I would have to agree with this belief because men and women clearly act differently and the way they act will mirror the way they lead. There have been large numbers of laboratory and field studies performed by social psychologists based around female and male behav iors. Quantitative reviews of this research have established the presence rather than the absence of overall sex differences. (Hall, 1984) They also concluded that these differences, although not that large, tend to be compatible to most other findings. There have also been findings that the level of power will directly affect the type of leadership one will show. There are reasonable assumptions that suggest that male and female leaders who occupy the same organizational role should differ very little. They assume that managers of both sexes are more concerned with managing effectively rather than about representing sex-differentiated features of social gender roles. Kanter argued that there are apparent sex differences when there is a product of the differing structural positions of the sexes within the organization. (Eagly & Johnson, 1990) Because women are more often in positions of little power or opportunity, they will behave in ways that reflect their lack of power. Eagly and Johnson concluded that a mete-analysis could provide more insight on leadership styles of males and females. The overall trends showed that women were more concerned with maintenance of interpersonal relationships and task accomplishment. The main difference found was that women tended to adopt a more autocratic or participative style while men the opposite. They tried to make distinctions about the differences in that first, women who have managed to succeed as leaders might have more highly developed interpersonal skills. Another explanation is that women are not accepted as readily as men as leaders and, as a result, have to allow input into their decision-making. Eagly and Johnson’s results are corroborated by other research. Statham also found evidence of two sex-differentiated management styles. He reported that women used a more task-engrossed and person-invested style, while men use a more image-engrossed and autonomy-invested style. (Moran, 1992) In a study focused on gender differences in communication introduces a possible explanation of different approaches. Tannen, the researcher, focused on how men and women had different experiences while growing up which lead to valuing different things. He concluded that men are taught to prize status, independence, and the power of community. All of these values lead men and women to behave in different ways. The field of gender differences in leadership styles is still and area with great questions with out answers. Even with various studies devoted to the topic of gender, there will always be unanswered questions. More and more researchers continue to examine issues regarding any innate differences between leadership styles of males and females. Currently, with the evidence provided, suggests that there are differences in gender leadership abilities and approaches. Although there are minimal differences, there are differences in males and females perspectives on leadership. We can recognize that there are different leaders with different leadership styles, but we cant automatically associate one style to a particular gender. Men and women alike will be faced with challenges and will need to develop the correct leadership styles to become a successful leader. References Daft, R. (2011). The leadership experience. (5e ed., pp. 99-125, 341-344). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Eagly , Alice H. and Johnson, Blair T., â€Å"Gender and Leadership Style: A Meta-Analysis† (1990).CHIP Documents. Paper 11. http://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/chip_docs/11 Eagly, A. H., & Johndon, B. T. (1990) Gender and leadership style. Psychological Bulletin 108 (2), 233-256 Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (in press). Explaining sex differences in social behavior: A recta-analytic perspective. Personality and Social Psy-chology Bulletin. Hall, J. A. (1984). Nonverbal sex differences: Communication accuracy and expressive style. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Loden, M. (1985). Feminine leadership or how to succeed in business without being one of the boys. New York: Times Books. Mandell, B., & Pherwani, S. (2003). Relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership style: A gender comparison . Springer, Journal of Business and Psychology, 17(3), 387-404.

Business Plan For Ruwenzori Mountain National Park Tourism Essay Essay Example

Business Plan For Ruwenzori Mountain National Park Tourism Essay Essay Example Business Plan For Ruwenzori Mountain National Park Tourism Essay Essay Business Plan For Ruwenzori Mountain National Park Tourism Essay Essay The concern program presents trekking in the Ruwenzori Mountain, comparatively a alone merchandise among East Africans important mountains. Ruwenzori Mountains besides known as the Mountains of the Moon is protected as Ruwenzori Mountains National Park ( RMNP ) , embracing outstanding attractive force from which the Park derived its name. Mount Ruwenzori known as the Mountain of the Moon is situated in Western portion of Uganda. It has hence, go a major travel focal point for touristry finish. Largely, becuase of its brilliant singularity as base from which to research the Ruwenzori Mountains ranges, experience. The olympian Ruwenzori Mountain boosting expedition hence, signifiers portion of Uganda s national touristry industry. It is surely a comfy mountain with in the National Park environment, and there is significant low-cost adjustment with comparatively good nutrient and no deficit of company from other travelers. The program further describes, to market boosting in the Ruwenzori as important merchandise for competition and selling scheme. It does, nevertheless, examine the concern environment in broader position taking into history the tendencies of developing a selling scheme. The SWOT Analysis ( see Appendix ) has been used as footing to develop concern Plan to be implemented as a tool to market trekking as merchandise to pull more tourers. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Ruwenzori Mountain National Park The Ruwenzori Mountain National Park ( RMNP ) falls under Uganda Wildlife Authority ( UWA ) estates. The RMNP direction takes due committedness to beef up touristry publicity, selling, and development of the park in coaction with Uganda Tourism Board ( UTB ) . The RMNP respects touristry sector as an of import, and built-in facet for developmental schemes for the Country, with accent being directed to the economic benefits that are derived from touristry to relieve poorness among the local communities. However, the RMNP besides considers the impacts of touristry on the environment and societal facets every bit good. The direction of RMNP decided to originate development of concern program to market the oustanding beauty of the Ruwenzori Mountain landscape ( see Figure 1.1 ) . Often, the focal point of the concern will be directed to the niche market, because of the alone merchandising proposition ( USP ) of the merchandises encompassed within the RMNP ecosystem. In add-on, RMNP is besides inscribed on the United Nation Education Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) , and is among the recognized outstanding snow capped mountains scopes of the Moon in the part, by African criterions. The authorities of Uganda ( GoU ) supports the developement of touristry in the Country, apparent policies and substructure for touristry are have showed important betterment on touristry circuts. Uganda is exceptionally of import in footings of biodiversity, one time described by former British Premier Winston Churchil as The Pearl of Africa and is endowed with a assortment of ecosystems. Uganda is gifted by nature, allow entirely the RMNP, Winston Churchill in 1908 was struck by the natural beauty including the Ruwenzori the Mountains of the Moon. The diverse landscape ecosystems and clime that characterize Uganda have supported a diverseness of zoology and flora species. The RMNP stands out with beautiful distinguishable characteristics, considered uncomparable with mist shrouded extremums, which provide the most brilliant position of the national park ( Liniger, et al. , 1998 ) . Figure 1.1 Map of the Ruwenzori Mountain National Park Beginning: UWA-Quarterly Report ( 2009 ) In Table 1.1shows the RMNP has high biodiversity of species that are widely considered vulnerable and endemic to the Albertine Rift ( AR ) , and holds several endangered species endemic to the vicinity. Empirical grounds suggests that, the park has well high figure of workss and trees. The park is recognized for its vegetation, which has been described as the most beautiful in the World ( Liniger, et al. , 1998 ; Hockings, et al. , 2001 ; WRI, 2003 ) . Table 1.1 the preliminary informations of species in Ruwenzori Mountains Standards Mammals Birds Butterflies Reptiles Vulnerable 106 216 213 61 Endemic 15 89 68 36 Endangered 09 10 14 11 DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCT AND SERVICES The development of the merchandises and associated services are organised through the Ruwenzori Mountaineering Service ( RMS ) tour company, that works in close concurrence with the RMNP to keep the substructure within the Mountains landscape such as huts and trails used for tourer. The RMNP direction proctors the environmental spacial force per unit areas of trekkers, and the park governments channels 20 % of the gate fee money into local community development enterprise. The RMNP and RMS shall supply stakeholders with more information particularly, the Private sector with market informations to market the Ruwenzori trekking touristry merchandises. Park direction and RMS shall implement the concern Plan as selling scheme to market its merchandises regional and international nich market. The selling section shall concentrate on trekking in the Ruwenzori Mountain extremums, visitants may besides detect the beauty of assorted flora types and sing birds on their manner. These merchandis es includes: Treking Trail Network There is good web of trails ( see Figure 1.2 ) below, and resting huts on the mountains. The extremums are by and large merely tackled by experient trekkers or tramps. Most visitants stick to the cringle trail, which takes about six to seven yearss. Ruwenzori Mountain is regarded as unique and tougher trek than the acclivities of mountain Kilimanjaro or mountain Kenya. Photo 1.2 boardwalks on the pes of RMNP chief entree point for boosting Beginning: UWA-Ruwenzori General Mamagement Plan ( 2006 ) Long trekking The trekking starts from the Park central office to the first hut, which takes about 5hours walk about 10km. The most longest and strenuous walk takes visitant through marshy countries and it takes about 7 hours from the first hut go throughing through elephantine lobelia species. Visitors so are encouraged to take apprehension or even remain for anight at the 2nd cantonment and bask the brilliant extremums of Ruwenzori. Generally, trekking takes between six to seven yearss ( see Table 1.2 ) below, and it includes portion of the Ruwenzori H2O falls every bit good. It is rather electrifying and rewarding experience but one, which must be planned to finish the circuit. Table 1.2 the Ruwenzori Mountains trekking Circut system N0.of Days Resting Holman hunts Altitude N0.of Hours Elevention Day 1 Nyakalengija Gate to Naybitaba 2600M 5Hrs 1,200M Day 2 Nyabitaba to John Matte 3,515M 7Hrs 9,15M Day 3 John Matte to Bujuku 4,075M 5Hrs 560M Day 4 Bujuku to Kitandara 4,050M 5Hrs 425M Day 5 Kitandara to Guy Yeoman 3,500M 7Hrs 300M Day 6 Guy Yeoman 2,600M 5Hrs Day 7 Nyabitaba to Park HQ s 3Hrs Extremums Visitors who wish to trek the glacial extremums are encouraged to come with or are provided with mounting ropes, an ice-axes, crampoons, mounting boots, snow goggles, a compass and altimeter on hire. Though RMS ushers are really experient, when it comes to taking trekkers to below the snow line. But with small cognition or they are non decently trained in alpine conditions, nevertheless their knowing with peaks locations. Figure 1.3 Lake Bujuku on Ruwenzori Mountain Altitude Sickness The height illness largely occurs when visitants have reached at the extremums ( see Lake Bujuku ) above, one of the important lakes on Ruwenzorit tucked at 4075m above sea degree. The ushers have been trained in First Aid and are really familiar to recognize height related symptoms. Finally, they advice the visitant or visitants to withdraw or name off the trekking. In this instance, should the illness become serious, the ushers may name for the chopper for deliverance. This chopper is based at the Park central offices specifically to react to exigency non merely for visitants, but besides for the general operation of the Park. The olympian Ruwenzori Mountains have high clime and visitant are advised to come with warm vesture s. The chief factor to see when be aftering a trip to trek Ruwenzori is upwind form, the best months for trekking scopes from May to September due to dry spelt and the wettest month April, June, and November severally ( UWA Annual Report, 2008-09 ) . Ruwenzori Mountain is regarded to be the legendary snow-capped mountains of the Moon. The typical glacial extremums are seeable, nevertheless, most trekkers rate Ruwenzori to be the most ambitious of all African Mountains. Short trekkes Ruwenzori Mountaineering Service besides can organize twenty-four hours shorter treks into the five recognized flora zones including the alpine. The visitants will bask sing magnetic birds and nature embedded with endemic species of workss ( see Photo 1.1 ) . Photograph 1.1 the Ugandas magnetic bird species Source: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ugandawildlife.org Costss Table 1.3 below reflects the fees for sing the Ruwenzori Mountain National Park. The bundle for trekking Ruwenzori Mountains for case four a yearss or seven yearss ( see Table 1.4 ) per individual including Park entry, and deliverance operation. These does non including the porters services, the visitants may wish to transport their baggage. Visitors in most instances are encouraged to negociate with the porters depending on the kgs and figure of yearss. Table 1.3 the Visitor Entrance Fees for Ruwenzori Mountain National Park Visitor Entrance Fees Non-Resident Foreign Resident East Africans Class-Category A Visitation Fee US $ Visitation Fee US $ Visitatio Fee Ush. Adult One day/Night $ 30 One day/Night $ 20 One day/Night Ush 500 Children ( 5-15 old ages ) One day/Night $ 15 One day/Night $ 10 One day/Night Ush 2,500 Child ( 0-5 old ages ) Free Free Free Table 1.4Visitor trekking fees for Ruwenzori Mountains Visitor Trekking Fees Central Circuit Trail Non-Resident Resident and East African Citizen Ugandan Citizen Class of ( Class ) Visitation Fee US $ Visitation FeeUS $ Visitation Fee US $ Adult 7 Days /6Nights US $ 780 US $ 705 US $ 400 The excess extra clip on the Mountain if desired by the Visitor Extra twenty-four hours ( Adult ) US $ 120 US $ 120 US $ 120 The Central Circuit including the celebrated Margherita Peak Adult US $ 990 US $ 870 US $ 470 Desire for other extra beautiful Extremums Extremums US $ 150 US $ 150 US $ 150 Infrastructure The public substructure such as roads and landing field is stipulation for easy motion of tourer to Ruwenzori Mountain for boosting and other touristic activities including traditional cultural entaintment. The RMNP and RMS shall supply improved handiness to hike touristry within the Ruwenzori. The adjustment installations exist within the National Park central office, this will represent improved visitants installations and services to be marketed and later pull more visitants to boost the Ruwenzori Mountain. Hiking as touristry merchandise, untapped shall be encouraged under this Business Plan. The merchandise has possible to vie with other states on the market, if marketed suitably. It will finally supply high bend over and accordingly offset production costs. The Business program will suit the reappraisal of monetary values to do the merchandise outstanding to rivals and measure visitant satisfaction as portion of the selling scheme. Description OF THE MARKET Market Segment Strategy The RMNP in partnership with RMS shall develop a diversified market cleavage scheme to capture aggresively the planetary market based on its uniques selling proportion. The planetary market shall include: International niche markets will concentrate on United Kingdom ( UK ) , United State of America ( USA ) , Canada Australia, Austria, New Zealand, European Union. Mainstream tourer including, the tourers to Tanzania and Kenya. Regional markets the East African members provinces and including South Africa, and Domestic markets will be Ugandan Citizens. Ultimately, class 3 and 4 are considered more robust in instance of safety jobs. The diversified scheme is aimed at associating boosting merchandises with market sections, tapping upper, in-between, and lower terminals of the markets. The backpackers and over Landers are frequently the touristry innovators. The RMNP shall promote this market section in peculiar as Backpackers constitute a strong beginning of income for mountain hike and visit to the local community to research cultural sites within Ruwenzori. Description OF Selling Scheme Distribution Strategy for Promotion The RMNP has been advancing itself through booklets distributed to assorted circuit companies, UWA, UTB, RMS, UTA, Uganda Community Tourism Association ( UCOTA ) , and through other protected countries within the state. The distribution reappraisal will concentrate on the visitants perceptual experience and degree of services provided by RMS. Additionally, RMS shall offer trekking as an sole merchandise, and attention must be exercised to manage visitants in professional and profitable mode. Consequently, the merchandise will be promoted strongly in the undermentioned market topographic points with more accent on market section and distribution of promotional stuffs every bit good: Locally In Uganda, UWA Headquarters and UTB shall work closely with East African Community ( EAC ) to market Ruwenzori boosting merchandise with engagement of the private sector UTA. The reappraisal of selling and distribution shall affect the invitation of the journalist and touristry travel authors to see Ruwenzori and papers hike as a merchandise for selling and publicity both at domestic, regional and international market. The RMS will besides set about selling and publicity locally and co-ordinate with single private sector operators as portion of the reappraisal scheme. Photo 1.2 Local community displays traditional dance for tourer Beginning: Photograph by John Regionally The EAC member provinces such as states like Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, and South Africa etc. Accessibility to Ruwenzori trekking is important. On the other manus to reexamine and research distribution points as bases for selling, and advancing Ruwenzori trekking expedition escapade. Materials like T-Shirts, posting cards and spines, brochures and information sheets, shall be made available in the regional states as platform for selling and publicity. International It includes America, Germany, Britain, Australia, France, and New Zealand, Austria, The Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Canda, and Belgium etc. The booklets, travel information, trade magazines ( Africa Geographic ) Ruwenzori guidebook and posting picturing hike will be distributed to the afore-mentioned states as selling nexus points and includes Television docudrama ( Discovery Channel from Britain ) and TV 5 Canal Horizon of France. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Management of the Business The state s National Tourism Policy ( NTP ) set to steer touristry development as vehicle for economic development and to better local community support through sustainable touristry enterprises. It besides seeks to market Uganda as a favoured tourer finish within East African Region ( EAR ) . As mentioned in the content, the authorities has provided an enabling environment including a contributing clime for selling and publicity of Uganda s natural beauty and Ruwenzori Mountain a merchandise to be exploited sustainably. The RMNP, shall actively in partnership with RMS, participate to protect the environment and concentrate on sustainable boosting touristry. It is envisaged that the parties shall play important function in back uping local communities environing the Park to enable them rend the benefit from boosting activity. The touristry development in the Mountain Ruwenzori National Park shall be advanced, whilst staying environmentally sustainable. A certain part of gross accruing from touristry development in RMNP shall be ploughed back towards the protection of natural resource base as pillar for touristry. The concern environment is significantly influenced by modern engineering associated with things like Internet, Fax and computerized systems for selling, all available in the state. The authoritative hotels in this respect are in topographic point to do touristry roar including banking installations and service. Kasese is possibly the most attractive town situated about 21 kilometers with first-class position of Ruwenzori Mountains. The visitants meaning to boost are every bit advised to purchase most of what they need either from Kampala or in Kasese town. Although, there are a figure of stores within Kasese town and at the Park central office. Technology wise, the town has rather a figure of Bankss installations and easy communicating to enable tourist entree or associate up with their households. Tourism concern roars in town since most of the hotels came up as a consequence of touristry development in the Ruwenzori Mountains. The vehicles for hire available within the town with professional registered Tour Guides Association of Uganda ( TGAU ) . Competitive advantage The potency of touristry in Ruwenzori Mountain is the good abandon coupled with presence of about three extremums and high height. With appropriate scheme for selling and publicity Ruwenzori Mountain stand in a better place to vie with other states in the part offering similar merchandises. The most profitable market section for this type of merchandise requires reexamining of the selling and publicity. The focal point will be photographic campaign and adventures tourers. These rivals include, but non limited to the followers: Mountains like Elgon and the Virungas in Uganda The Kilimanjaro Mountain in Tanzania. Mount Kenya in Kenya Product quality On this footing, the selling scheme will be based on merchandise quality, which will do Ruwenzori Mount market led straight linked to its merchandise which include ( see Photo 1.2 ) . Ruwenzori Mountain has high potency to pull tourer because of its added advantage of being the National Park and World Heritage Site recognised globally by UNESCO criterions. Von Hohnel Chameleon Photo 1.2 Ruwenzori dramatic Von Hohnel Chameleon Source: www.exotic-pets.co.uk IMPLEMENTAION OF THE BUSINESS Plan Action Plan / Marketing Strategy The SWOT analysis and the important guiding aims ( see Appendix ) have been developed to impel the program, Ruwenzori Mountain has a really powerful and alone possible place amongst the current scope of touristry trekking finish points in Africa. The merchandise profile in Ruwenzori is diverse including bird watching the Ruwenzori turaco one of the Ruwenzori s dramatic birds found in montane wood. Arguably, the Marketing Manager ( MM ) UWA, Warden Tourism ( WT ) , and the Conservation Area Manager ( CAM ) RMNP will organize with relevant stakeholders to guarantee the execution of the Business program. Management Actions RMNP will no longer advance itself in isolation but will set up and beef up linkages with stakeholders like UTB, and Private sector UTA to advance Ruwenzori mountain attractive force as USP touristry merchandise. UWA and Private sector will originate regional touristry stakeholders to develop and show a coordinated selling scheme to advance and market Ruwenzori mountain trekking and related merchandises. Management Action Action Who Others involved Time period Precedence Develope pertnership with other touristry stakehoders Millimeter WT, UWA, RMS, UTB, UTA Year 1-2 High Develope coordinated scheme for selling and publicity WT CAM, MM, UTB RMS, UCOTA Year 1-2 High Promotional Material Ruwenzori guidebook and current cusps will be made widely available from touristry publicity or retail shows. The RMNP will bring forth a promotional postings. This postings will picture attractive forces such as the Ruwenzori hike to the extremums. It will be distributed as promotional stuff and will be sold to visitants at trade shows regionally and international. Sovenier Certificate A Certificate will be designed with Uganda Wildlife Authority logo and exposure of Ruwenzori Mountain. This certification will be issue to each visitant who hikes Ruwenzori Mountain. This is meant to promote more visitants to come for boosting as portion of selling and publicity scheme. East African usher books The East African guidebooks are of import beginning of information about saddle horse Ruwenzori hike and other regional touristry activities. RMNP will subject up-to-date information in good clip for inclusion in new editions as selling scheme. It is, nevertheless, imperative to ask for the research workers to Ruwenzori mountain touristry site. Information will include Camp installations services, which RMS hires out to tourist for mountain hike as selling scheme through media. Management Action Action Who Others involved Time period Precedence Develop and administer selling promotional stuffs ( Guide books, Bronchures, T-shirts ) Millimeter WT, UWA, UTB CAM, UTA Year 1-2 High Develop and administer posting map and cusps Millimeter WT, RMS, Year 2-3 Medium Develop Sovenier Certificates for visitants Cam UWA, UTB, RMS Year 1 High Maintain and update on a regular basis visitant orientation and reading stuffs WT MM, UTB, RMS Year 2-3 Medium Mass Media Uganda Wildlife Authority will utilize available mass media, both locally and nationally to advance and market Ruwenzori trekking merchandise to pull domestic market e.g. the usage of New vision, The Monitor New Paper, FM Radios, Uganda Television, Mobile Cinema shows in parts in Uganda aimed to tape domestic market. The Trade imperativeness organised by East African Community in Moshi Tanzania, The Magazines Nature and Eco-tourism and United Kingdom Daily Weekly Telegraphic. Filming Crews The cinematography groups will organize portion of the mark market, this program will concentrate at more particularly at international position as important country to be explored through marketing trekking as alone merchandise. The cinematography crew planned to under the Business program includes: St. Thomas Production, France ( Animals Like Us ) The Discovery Channel ( The Royal Tour ) and BBC Natural History Unit ( The Nile ) CNN shooting crew based in Washington D.C. These will enable amore comprehensive certification of the merchandise and hence sets it to be at better place to vie and even out viing other states of the similar merchandise in Africa. This certification would sale like hot bar at the markets and hence stimulates the addition of tourer to the Ruwenzori. Trade Fairs The mark for trade carnival is rather wide aimed at to capture the market at international, regional and domestic. This country is regarded as of high market section, which involves the followers: The British Bird Fair in London, United Kingdom Cultural Fair at Crested Crane Hotel Uganda Annual Domestic Tourism Exhibition Uganda Africa 2000 Tourism. Africa 2000 Tourism is largely organised in Kenya and Tanzania, where by most states in Africa take part in the trade just exhibition. This selling program will hold a broad range of mark publicity particularly the regional clients. The international trade carnival in United Kingdom hopes to aim the over Landers and backpackers. These classs of tourer bring in immense lamp amount of money to Ruwenzori. The ground is that most of their hike expedition last seven yearss, which is good scheme for RMS and the Park as good. Website scheme The Website signifiers speedy and more dependable scheme for marketing trekking in the Ruwenzori. It will necessitate registering with popular hunt engines such as google.com. Searchable database of African Conservation Foundation, Enter Uganda.com, and yahoo.com. The trekking will so be incorporated in as portion of selling and section publicity. Management Action Action Who Others involved Time period Precedence Encourage Mass Media to advance and market trekking in Ruwenzori Mountains Cam RMS, UWA, UTB UCOTA Year 1 High Work with Filming Crews to publises Ruwenzori merchandises on planetary market Millimeter UT, UTA, UTB RMS, UCOTA Year 1-5 High Attend and take part in Trade Fairs to tape niche market through publicity Millimeter WT, CAM, UTB UTA, RMS Year 2-5 Medium Ensure to put in cyberspace installations Cam UWA, RMS, UTB Year 1-2 High Payment of Fees The fees for RMNP entryway and mountain trekking will so be combined as a individual payment. This enterprise will increase the popularity of RMNP to pull more gross. The rates will be adjusted significantly for foreign non-residents, foreign occupants, regional and local or domestic. Booking System The RMNP shall put in a computerized system with Internet service. This will enable Uganda Wildlife Authority central offices reserves office, tourers, and tour companies to book mountain hike and adjustment straight. This will cut down holds and information will flux promptly every bit good as feedback Management Action Action Who Others involved Time period Precedence Establish monitoring and rating system WT MM, RMS Year 3-4 High Analyse fees and adjust to pull visitants Cam MM, RMS, WT UWA, UTB, UTA Year 4 Medium Procure computersfor booking through cyberspace services and supply accurate information to visitants Millimeter WT, CAM, RMS Year 3-4 High Uganda Wildlife Authority in concurrence with support from private sector shall take the advantage of Uganda s foreign missions to backup Uganda Tourism Board publicity and selling attempts through supplying information to tourist seeking for visas to Uganda.The private sector, Uganda Tourism Association shall advance and market Ruwenzori boosting as sole merchandise to pull international and regional niche market in close linkage with Ruwenzori Mountain Service. Finance Budget estimation The costs of this selling and publicity operation would be as follows Description Dollars Travel costs ( regional A ; international ) trade shows 10.000 Selling costs . Television Discovery Channel ( The Royal Tour ) 4000 . Television St. Thomas Production, France ( Animals Like US ) 4000 . BBC Natural History Unit ( The Nile ) 4000 . Radio Uganda A ; FM Station 1500 . Cinemas in Kenya/Tanzania 1500 Subtotal 25.000 Tourism promotional stuff . Booklets and Certificates 5000 . Ruwenzori guidebooks A ; East African guidebook 5000 . New Papers, Magazine, Leaflets A ; Posters, Maps 5000 . Internet installing 5000 Subtotal 45.000 Tourism Directory 1.500 Computer Desktop ( 2 Unit of measurements ) 3.500 ( IBM ) Printer-Laser ( 2 Unit of measurements ) 2.000 Office stationary 8.500 Grand entire 60.500 Monitoring AND Evaluation The formation of maneuvering commission to supervise the public presentation of Business program to guarantee adherance to the action. The flow of tourist enlargement in size of the operation within the RMNP is a map of the future rating of the visitant denseness. Once the Business program has achieved its adulthood stage. Tourism promotional stuffs, which are being widely distributed for marketing the RMNP merchandises will be evaluated to set up the degree of their effectivity on market. The reserve costs as per centum of gross revenues originating out of engagement in touristry trade at regional and international degree. Visitors feedback signifiers can be analysed and hence signifier mechanism to find public presentation criterions of the Business program in respect to tourist flow. A questionnaire will be designed to step degrees of visitants satisfaction, gauge visitants perceptual experience in regard to trekking as important merchandise being marketed. It is besides imperative to supervise and measure, how successful or consequences achieved through selling by lucifer the degree of marketing with modern engineering. The relevancy of the Business program will be monitored during the execution stage and reexamine strategic aims and comparing them with consequences achieved. Mentions Hockings, M. , Stolton, S. , Dudley, N. , and Parrish, J. , 2001. The heightening our Heritage Tool kit: book 1.UNESCO and IUCN Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //.enhancingheritage.net/docs_public.asp ( accessed on 23/11/09 ) Liniger, H. , Weingartner, R. , and Grosjean, M. , 1998. Mountains of the World: Water Tower for 21st Century.University of Bern, Switzerland Pp 45-75 UWA, 2009. Uganda Wildlife Authority ( UWA ) . Quarterly Report. Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ugandawildlife.org ( accessed on 10/11/09 ) WRI, 2003. Earth tendencies, Country Profile: World Resource Institute ( WRI ) , Forests and Dry lands: Uganda. Website: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/ ( accessed on 01/12/09 ) . UWA, 2008-09. Uganda Wildlife Authority ( UWA ) . Annual Report. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ugandawildlife.org ( accessed on 10/11/09 ) UWA, 2006. Uganda Wildlife Authority Rwenzori General Management Plan.

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