English Placement Essay

Nearly 20 years ago, Raymond received severe head trauma from a car accident which left IM in a coma for nearly a month. Eventually, Raymond recovered but he had difficulty, especially with his memory. Harriet becomes Raymond primary caregiver. Harrier's health began to decline over the years eventually suffering a stroke and a broken hip requiring her placement in skilled nursing home. The family found themselves trying to determine what arrangements their mother had made for her care as well as Raymond.They found that she neglected to address any of their affairs; no powers of attorney, no living wills, no wills and very small nest egg. It was to long after Harriet placement in the home that Raymond is placed the dementia ward of the same facility as Harriet. Because of the lack of planning Raymond son had to be declared is father's legal guardian by the Courts. Although the nursing home claimed the fourth floor was a dementia unit, it was little more than a limited access skilled nursing unit. Patients were permitted to wander the ward with little or no supervision.The family was not happy about the situation but with limited financial resources there was no choice. On February 28th, 2011, Raymond was wandering the halls of the unit, one can only surmise what occurred next. According to a subsequent state investigation, the wing was left unsupervised. An amputee patient fell out of his wheelchair. A life member of the volunteer fire department Raymond heard the wonder alarm sounding and intuitively he attempted open the large nutritional door to the patient's room.The patient was lying on the floor directly behind the door. The door would not open, so Raymond continued to push on the doors trying to be of assistance. Eventually, the staff heard the alarm and responded to find Raymond in the hall and the patient on the floor with head trauma. After the incident, the family received a call from the nursing home stating that Raymond need to go to the hospital p sychiatric unit. The family was not alarmed as this had happened a few times before.The home failed to elaborate. The morning news told the story of an incident of a dementia patient assaulting another. The following evening the news was of a dementia patient being charged with aggravated assault with the District Attorney office considering homicide charges. The family had to obtain a criminal attorney for Raymond, who had already been declared legal incompetent by the courts. It seems the nursing home had not mentioned that to the charging officer or the District Attorney's office.They also had to obtain a civil attorney because the victim's family had indicated they were going to sue all the parties involved. Raymond could be of little help in his defense and became confused easily reverting to his earliest memories. Investigations were being conducted into the events that led to this tragedy. The district attorney's office hired a forensic psychiatrist to determine if Raymond wa s competent and the state department of public welfare was conducting its own investigation. Meanwhile, being unified too hospital psychiatric unit Raymond health declined quickly.He refused to feed himself and became frustrated if others offer to feed himself; a natural progression of dementia. Because of Raymond overall health a feeding tube was rejected by the family. On the evening of April 30, 2011, Raymond died alone in the same hospital as his victim had two months earlier. The following day the district attorney's office stated that Raymond would not have been charged with any criminal charges. Six weeks later the nursing home suffered one of the largest fine in the history of the State as well as being placed on a provisional license.

Johnny Depp †A Philosopher Among Actors Essay

â€Å"If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away.† In simple terms, this quote is referring to those who do not conform to the standards placed on them by their culture or subculture. In Hollywood, the way one becomes an A-List actor is by conforming to the Hollywood system: take the roles that provide the largest paychecks. Ben Affleck did not become a superstar celebrity by following his passion; Reindeer Games and Gigli are perfect examples of that. However, there is one actor who has consistently chosen his own roles, much to the dismay of his agent, based solely on his interest in the character he will portray. This actor has never taken a role that he did not feel passionate about, regardless of the flack he received from critics or the general public, and he is now one of Hollywood’s finest. Johnny Depp stands out from the crowd because rather than conforming to the Hollywood standard he has become an A-List actor by following his own muse, or walking â€Å"to the beat of a different drummer.† A perfect example of Johnny Depp’s passion for his work is his starring role in the movie, â€Å"Ed Wood,† about Ed Wood, a filmmaker best known for making bad movies. It sounds ironic, but Johnny was insistent that this was a great movie. Despite, at the height of his career, being told that making this movie would ruin his professional image, he pursued the role. The movie was made, and it went on to win an Academy Award. Another example of Johnny Depp’s dedication is the movie â€Å"Once Upon A Time In Mexico† filmed in the heat of the summer of 2002. Because he wanted this role, Johnny agreed to film for seven consecutive days at 12-16 hours per day! A typical A-List actor will, under no circumstances, work for more than 8 hours per shooting day. Other movies that Depp was warned not to do, which went on to become successful were: â€Å"Edward Scissorhands,† â€Å"Dead Man,† â€Å"What’s Eating Gilbert Grape,† and â€Å"Pirates of the Caribbean,† for which he is nominated for Best Actor at the Academy Awards this year. Johnny Depp is renowned for his choice of movie roles. He does not simply work for the paycheck; he is truly pursuing his passion, and he has done it  quite successfully. Roger Ebert, a well-known film critic, has called Depp â€Å"a modern Thoreau – a philosopher among actors.† At the 76th Annual Academy Awards, Johnny Depp was recognized specifically for his success in taking part in only films that he truly wanted to be a part of. Considering the standards that the industry places on actors, the fact that Johnny Depp has not sold out and taken a role simply for the money, is an admirable quality. If everyone possessed such commitment in their work, and more so, such conviction, life would be much more enjoyable to live.

Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: Women’s Roles in Umuofian Society

Literature and Liberation- Prof. Sicari December 3rd, 2012 Women’s Role in Umuofian Society Chinua Achebe’s â€Å"Things Fall Apart† depicts the downfall of the once great tribe of Umuofia at the hands of imperialistic European white men. However the downfall of this advanced tribe would come to be inevitable due to its numerous flaws, in terms of their â€Å"justice† system, extreme religious interpretations of the Oracle and perhaps most heavily because of their intensely misogynistic views.Umuofia’s harsh and brutal treatment of women in their society reveal the fact that women are not acknowledged to even be human, much rather they are treated as possessions – as property. Men believe women to be powerless, defenseless and ultimately useless but this ignorant belief proves to have detrimental consequences. These misogynistic views in turn become the very foundation upon which this society will unravel. With imperialistic missionaries arri ving with the tempting offer of a different and more appealing lifestyle, the once united Umuofia will wither away.Umuofia is a tribe located in Nigeria, Africa coming from humble beginnings, the means of success in this tribe come through hard manual labor such as farming. Having to start from scratch several times many men have solidified their status because of their persistence, earning themselves many titles. However, a man who earns no titles is referred to as an â€Å"agbala† (p. 13) – which also means women, but when used to refer to a male it is an insult. This exposes to the reader the fact that the word failure is synonymous with women, they are interchangeable, having the same meaning.In â€Å"women† being the choice word to insult a man it also paints the picture under which light women are viewed by men, to be a woman is to be unsuccessful and to carry no value. Another manner in which a man further reinforces his titles is in acquiring several wiv es. The number of wives a man has affects his social status, exemplifying that women are possessions of men. It’s a numbers game with men, using women as their pawns so they can further embody the â€Å"true meaning† of what it is to be a man Further exemplifying the misogynistic views of this society is demonstrated in the domestic abuse females face at the hands of their spouse.Okonkwo, an aggressive being by nature is no different towards his wives. In Chapter 4, Okonkwo violently beats his third and youngest wife, Ojiugo, â€Å"And when she returned he beat her very heavily† (p. 29) because when he arrived home food was not yet prepared and she instead of having a hot meal waiting for him went to get her hair braided. Okonkwo blind in his rage beats her brutally claiming negligence, completely forgetting the fact that it was the sacred Week of Peace – â€Å"His two wives ran out in great alarm pleading with him that it was the sacred week† (p. 9). For beating his wife during the Week of Peace, Okonkwo is punished, the priest demands that Okonkwo sacrifice a nanny goat and a hen and pay a fine of one length of cloth and one hundred cowries. This scene reveals just how corrupt the Umuofian justice system is, Okonkwo is punished not because he laid his hands on his wife but because of the time in which he did it. It is not frowned down on when a male hits a female, in fact it is encouraged and Okonkwo from time to time threatens to kill his wives.It is not viewed as monstrous when a male beats a female in this society and is applauded, they feel as though women must be kept in line and know their duties as well as complete them fully anything less is negligence and physical abuse is their wake up call. Adding to the fact that men can get away with hitting their wives, the very few times in which this justice system does side with women it is very partial – with men relatively receiving a slap on the wrist. This is sho wn in Chapter 10, a dispute that comes before the egwugwu (the clan’s ancestral spirits) that involves a husband and wife.The husband, Uzowulu, states that the three brothers of his wife, Mgbafo, beat him and took her and the children from his hut but would not return her bride-price. The woman’s brothers justify their actions in stating that Uzowulu beat their sister mercilessly. They state that Uzowulu’s punishment if Mgbafo returns with him will be that his genitals be cut off if he ever beats her again. Uzowulu claims that he sees no wrong in his ways, â€Å"I married her with my money and my yams, I owe them no cocoyams† (p. 90) is his defense. He feels as though he owes his in laws no explanation and how he treats his wife is no ones oncern. This statement proves that he views his wife as just another possession of his, he paid the price and he can do as he pleases with her from that point forward. The egwugwu decide in favor of Mgbafo, telling Uzow ulu to take a pot of wine to his in-laws. One village elder complains that such a minimal matter should not be brought before them, again exposing the fact that domestic abuse is not seen as an issue in this society. In Umuofia, there are two types of crimes that can be committed, feminine crimes and masculine crimes.Okonkwo accidentally kills a clansman during a funeral, this crime falls under the category of feminine because it wasn’t a killing on purpose – â€Å"Okonkwo had committed the female, because it had been inadvertent. † (p. 124). In categorizing crimes under these two types the reader receives insight as to what characteristics pertain to each gender in the eyes of this society. Feminine crimes are accidental, without intent, inadvertent – these characteristics all associate with the way that men view females, carrying negative connotations that make it seem as though women don’t have strength.Masculine crimes on the other hand lie on the other side of the spectrum; these crimes consist of blunt, direct acts with an intent or purpose to be completed. These characteristics are some of the many males wish to possess in their attempt to fulfill what it is to be a man. Men are strong with a sense of direction and purpose and so are these crimes. Okonkwo agrees with the society’s interpretation of genders, primarily in his wishing that his daughter, Ezinma, were a boy.Ezinma, is Okonkwo’s favorite child, he loves her very much but does not show affection towards her due to his fear of being viewed as weak by the men of his tribe. Any emotion other than anger is a feminine emotion in the opinion of Okonkwo. Multiple times throughout the novel Okonkwo catches himself wishing that Ezinma were a boy, â€Å"If Ezinma had been a boy I would have been happier. She has the right spirit† (p. 66). Okonkwo claims that she would have been the ideal son, strikingly similar in their nature and mindset, Ezinma f ulfills all the qualities her father desires in his children- except for one.As she is a woman all of these talents and qualities will go on unexplored and unused. Society feels as though it is the duty of a woman to bear sons, â€Å"prosperous men and great warriors your daughter will bear us sons like you† (p. 117). Ezinma has proven herself time and time again but will always fail in the eyes of Okonkwo, through the love and fondness he has for her she will never be able to change the fact that she is a female and he will never be able to change his misogynistic views.Okonkwo is very capable of feeling feminine emotions but as for exposing and expressing them he is blind in his immense resentment towards his father, Unoka, and everything he represented. These misogynistic views take a toll on the tribe and prove to become their undoing. Christian missionaries soon arrive to the tribe with the intent of converting as many of the tribe members as possible, presenting them wi th a tempting offer that proves to entice one too many for the liking of Okonkwo.On the surface Okonkwo resist the implementation of Christianity because it is not â€Å"manly† enough, but frankly it is the deep rooted fear of losing societal status that prevents him from embracing this religion. His sense of self-worth is solely based on the traditional standards by which society judges him. The system of evaluation that the Christians introduce causes many of the tribe members embrace Christianity; the evaluation of self, not possessions is what composed one’s worth.Those who were once outcasted, scorned and belittled found value in Christianity. In their new community, these converts enjoy a more elevated status – no longer being the underdog was a more then welcomed change, the biggest underdog of them all being women. Presently, Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor, 1994. Print. Denny, Frederick Mathewson, Carlos M. N. Eire, Marti n S. Jaffee, and John Corrigan. Jews, Christians, Muslims: A Comparative Introduction to Monotheistic Religions. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2012. Print.

Critical Issue Paper Three Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critical Issue Paper Three - Essay Example Thus, Marshall's stance is on the brink of exaggeration or at the least overreaction. We may forgive him, considering that the victory may have pushed him to go overboard with excessive elation. But the truth of the matter is, the victory was far from being impossible. The basis for this contention is, first, Germany was practically smashed to smithereens as a result of World War I, which ended in 1919. The Treaty of Versailles in 1919 militarily, politically, and economically emasculated Germany, which was forced to limit its armed forces to a measly 100,000 troops with conscription absolutely prohibited1. Moreover, German naval forces were virtually crippled by a provision limiting it to a mere possession of 6 battleships, 6 cruisers, 12 torpedo boats and 12 destroyers plus a provision strictly banning the importation, exportation and manufacture of weapons and poison gas as well as the prohibition of submarines, military aircrafts, artillery and tanks. Thus, the Treaty of Versailles rendered Germany a political lameduck worthy of international pity. To add injury to all those insults, Germany was stripped of its territorial possessions notably West Prussia, Danzig, eastern Upper Silesia, Alsace-Lorraine, and Northern Schleswig2. In 1939, one year before the outbreak of World War II, Germany had barely revived itself from the catastrophic devastation. In 1939, the naval force of Germany was inconsequentially insignificant with a mere 8 cruisers, 18 submarines and 3 pocket battleships3. However, in direct contravention of the Treaty of Versailles, Hitler started to rearm Germany and conscripted Germans to the Nazi Wehrmacht. But still in 1939, the Allied forces were in the upper hand. The body count of those who participated in World War II in behalf of the Allied forces was overwhelming as the Allies were able to conscript not only British, French, Russians, Americans (6 million) and Poles but also Canadians (1.1 million), Mexicans, British Indians, Australians, New Zealanders, Nepalese, Greeks etc.4. The Allied manpower alone, gave them the edge. The AXIS manpower, on the other hand, was limited to the Germans, Italians and the Japanese as the conquered countries such as France, Poland, the Scandinavian and Balkan countries never willfully contributed manpower to the AXIS cause but instead fought against them via the underground resistance movements. 3 To say that the Allies were fighting an almost indefensible war is a ludicrous statement because although oftentimes they were caught with their backs on the wall yet the Allies had definite advantages. Prior to the war, Britain was one of the most prosperous nations in the world with

Analyze Stereotypes in the Classroom (7) Coursework

Analyze Stereotypes in the Classroom (7) - Coursework Example One such factor is stereotyping which depicts a situation by what a set of people exhibit a strong belief on one set of roles, values, and responsibilities. According to a study performed by the University of Michigan and Harvard University, performance of children is determined by both positive and negative stereotypes. The study concluded that positive stereotypes aid performance while negative stereotypes slow down performance (Ambady, Shih, Kim & Pittinsky, 2001). The most common stereotypes among children in the United States are gender stereotypes, ethnic stereotypes and stereotypes associated with persons with disability. Children are conscious of gender, ethnic and physical differences from as early as first grade. As compared to adults, children are less flexible when it comes to understanding stereotypes (Ambady et al., 2001). Stereotypes can be triggered by Influences that knowingly or unknowingly lead to cultural biases that are based on ethnocentrism and eurocentrism. People tend to ignore the difference between cultures. Instead, they differentiate other cultures based on the study of one culture. The outcome may be consciously or unconsciously steered (Junior University, 2015). Cultural biases also have a place in learning environment. To support an anti-bias curriculum for early learners, two methods should be integrated. First, visibility regarding elements that make up for cultural identity should be embraced. For example, both pictures and text should clearly bring out different socio-cultural backgrounds such as places of worship and the way of life. Secondly, controversial topics such as those relating to discrimination and racism should openly be discussed rather than shying away from them. This will provide learners with an open mind to addressing daily life issues. Avoiding topics such as those of religious diversity not only confuses them, but also limits their exposure to reality and understanding of the world.

Matthew Ritchie The Universal Cell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Matthew Ritchie The Universal Cell - Essay Example His work has been displayed in museums and exhibits both nationally and internationally. â€Å"The Universal Cell,† which debuted in 2006, is a fascinating metal work sculpture that represents a complex installation that appears to be interconnecting patterns and shapes that seem unending and yet, ever continuing. The piece clearly has two distinct immediate connotations that counter and oppose one another. The first is the clear representation of the artist to show the finite details and interconnectedness of the all things; like the universe, which played into the artist intentions. There appears to be unending possibility within the unending twist and turns. However, on a darker side, those same twist and turns no matter how continuing are still confined to the structure of the â€Å"cell,† giving that the perception of unending possibility is an illusion, the limits, our limits, outline the pattern. This duality of perception is, also, revealed in the visual elements of the structure. While the design is swirling shapes and patterns that are quite beau tiful, there is also a foreboding â€Å"cage-like† quality closing in around you. Even the title of the work can easily be taken as a dual meaning. There is the â€Å"cell† that exists in the human body and the physical properties of the universe that were the artist’s inspiration for the structure itself but, also, there is the type of â€Å"cell† that confines a person, like a prison.( Krunak-Hajagos 1) In the end, the â€Å"Universal Cell† by Matthew Ritchie, is the kind of artistic work that can entertain the eye and draw in a viewing audience. It is an immense, beautifully detailed, work of art, but it, also, has the potential to evoke great thought and discussion. That is a wonderful quality in an artistic piece. It is that kind of discussion that promotes ideas and encourages the sharing of prospective. Ultimately, this work is fantastically balances, both, lightness and darkness,

THE Breaking the chins of psychological slavery by na'im akbar Essay

THE Breaking the chins of psychological slavery by na'im akbar - Essay Example In order to break out of the chains of mental slavery, it is essential for people to recognize their character. The author advises people to recognize the characters of other people. The author highlights how religion contributed to the emergence of chains of mental slavery. In the first chapter, the author explored the psychological legacy of slavery. This chapter focused on issues such as work, property, leadership, the clown, community division, personal inferiority, and the family and color discrimination (Akbar 2). I agree with the author’s views on these issues. The first chapter gives a historical background of slavery. Slavery caused long lasting social shock and trauma to African Americans. At work, African American slaves were considered as second-class humans. The Africans were subjected to mistreatment and punishment in their workplaces. In addition, they were given dehumanizing duties. It is vital to note that African American slaves did not have any rights in their workplaces. This animalistic treatment of slaves and the cruelty they faced added to the mental and communal distresses suffered by the affected people. In the case of property, African Americans were not allowed to own property since they were considered as property. The author notes that slaves were disqualified to own things because their owners or masters saw them as things. They could only have the necessary things required for the completion of their duties and tasks. The society expected slaves to live a simple life. Slaves were required to take orders from their masters. In most of the instances, the master’s children even gave orders to slaves. In case the slave refused to act on the orders from the master’s children, they were punished and humiliated. The gap between the master and their slaves led to hatred and disgust that led to the destruction of private and public property. There were usually instances of killing and torture of disobedient slaves.

Core Competencies and Program Objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Core Competencies and Program Objectives - Essay Example As such, the curriculum should be structured to deliver and foster synergy and persistence across the curriculum and yield to the assessment of program outcomes. II NLN Core Competencies and Program Outcomes for Graduates of Baccalaureate Programs NLN outlines four outcomes as demonstrating and mirroring mastery of essential core nursing practice competencies. The objective of nursing education for every nursing program can be grouped in four distinct outcomes: nurses ought to utilize their skills and knowledge to promote human flourishing for their patients, families, and communities at large. Furthermore, they should manifest sound nursing judgment, and should persistently persist in developing their professional identity. Finally, nurses ought to approach all issues and challenges in a spirit of inquiry (National League for Nursing, 2010a). The outlined components are envisaged to yield to core competency development. NLN six competencies entail: (a) allow learning; (b) assist in learner socialization and development; (c) utilize review and appraisal strategies; (d) engage in curriculum design and program result appraisals; (e) play the role of change agent and leader; (f) based on the role of nursing educator, seek quality enhancement (National League for Nursing, 2010a). ... This relates to the creation of pathways to execute the nurse’s distinct potential. This relates to the attainment of human prosperity as a life-long existential continuum of self-actualization and self-realization that perpetually continues to progress. The nurse should integrate the knowledge and skills learned to aid students, families, and the community at large to incessantly progress toward attainment of human capacities (National League for Nursing, 2010b). NLN Outcome/ competency for human flourishing The graduate of the nursing program evidently be a promoter for patients and families in ways that foster their self-determination, honesty, and continuous growth as human persons. As such, in mastering the art and science of nursing, the role of the nurse educator centre on aiding students establish core competencies to guarantee that the students can, subsequently, lead patients in looking past the clinical encounter, or the peculiarity in their health condition, and fo ster a re-assimilation of their experiences. Essential to attaining the program result of human flourishing details the strategic intertwining of progressively structured learning activities and the articulation of essential competencies throughout the nursing curriculum. A student can attain this outcome by learning activities that are pertinent and suitable to the program, and related courses. The notion of human flourishing is essentially a lived experience of contemporary nursing students, the fundamental concepts centering on human dignity, heat and illness, vulnerability, compassion, as well as cultural and ethnic diversity (Bjork & Kirkevold, 1999). This also involves capability to question standards of nursing standards in pursuit of

Intermodal Transportation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intermodal Transportation - Essay Example At the individual level, Americans spend all the more on transportation, cargo development, and driving, than they do on garments, working the family, diversion and intercity travel set up together. Transportation expenses represent 11 for each penny of extra cash, the fourth biggest thing in family spending plans (USDOT 1999b). Utilizing 1994 gross national item numbers, cargo transportation made up 6.3% for each penny of aggregate consumption, which could go up to 10–11 for every penny of aggregate use if incomes spent on stock, warehousing, and logistics administrations are incorporated (ENO 1998). As a rate of aggregate consumption, freight transportation accounts 38.52% for every penny of the aggregate while passenger transportation represents the rest (USDOT 1999b). The effect of cargo on the US economy is significant. Generally speaking, it is evaluated that most of the country’s revenue is generated from freight transportation. The author investigates the immense challenge of expanding the extent of intermodal freight transport. In perspective of the present overwhelming role played by road transport and the expanding impediments in adapting to an increase in the number of vehicles in a productive and reasonable way, multi-purpose freight transport could be viewed as a practical option. In any case, he makes acknowledgment of the way of there is the need to enhance the performance of the intermodal transport framework. The role played by the government in cultivating intermodal transport advancements has been highlighted by Holguin-Veras et al. (2008). Concentrating on the American cargo transport framework different authors distinguish diverse arrangements of elements that clarify the diverse range of factors that the government experiences in cultivating advancements: Incompatible goals and objectives of the private and open area, absence of

The Troop Surge and The Iraq War Essay Example for Free

The Troop Surge and The Iraq War Essay Sometimes, what matters to one person may not mean much to another person. This is not because one side is insensitive to the other, but because they are so far removed from the situation that it really does not impact them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Iraq War is such an example. For 140,000 troops, the Iraq War is a very dangerous reality. For many millions of people, the War is something that does not affect them because it is â€Å"over there.† This does not mean they are insensitive. It just means that there are many people for whom the War does not directly touch, therefore, it does not mean as much to them as it does other people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For me the War in Iraq is a serious matter as I am an individual directly involved with the situation. I am an Army Medic and have performed tours of duty in Iraq. With the recent announcement of the troop surge into the Iraqi Theater, I am confronted with something that does mean something to me and affects me directly. The reason for this is obvious: the surge may result in my having to return to Iraq.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So, for me, the Iraq War is something that touches me and my family on a personal level. It is not a disembodied military action that affects a national psyche or any similar media lamenting verbiage. It is a very real event and it directly impacts my life. This is neither a condemnation nor an endorsement. It is simply a direct reflection of a situation that I am involved.

Global Perspective Individual Research

Global Perspective Individual Research Water the most important and basic necessity required for life to exist on this planet. From microscopic organisms to giant mammals, from algae to angiosperms, every living thing needs water to survive. It is universally known that clean, potable water is extremely essential for a healthy living but its also very scarce in todays polluted world. Statistically, dirty water is one of the deadliest killers. UNO has estimated that 10 people die every minute from contaminated water. The WHO estimates that 80% of all sickness and disease in developing countries is due to unsafe water. I believe water pollution is one of the most widespread problems and it has deadly effects which could be mitigated if the right actions are taken in a timely fashion. Thus, I think this is a relevant topic to tackle. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater. Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly into water bodies without removing harmful compounds. By this project I will know more about what are the different perspectives regarding this issue. GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Water pollution is prevalent all over the world. Several countries are suffering from intense pollution. The irony is that the highly industrialized, developed countries suffer from the highest margin of pollution. Many factors are held responsible for these problems- industrialization, population and poor water treatment plants. The top five polluting countries are China, USA, Russia, India and Japan. Globally, the water and sanitation crisis claims most lives. Some 6,000 children die daily due to lack of safe drinking water. The death tolls are equal to those who die due to 20 aircraft crashes. UN statistics show 2 million tons of human waste is disposed in water bodies daily. Developed countries dump 70% of industrial wastes untreated leading to contamination. The following are the sources of water pollution: Fertilizers: Synthetic fertilizers leech into rivers through rainwater or improper irrigation. Drained fertilizers give enrichment of nutrients which gives rise to algae; causing Eutrophication. This disrupts the life cycle of marine animals by using up oxygen. If continued it will lead to 15% global increase in nitrogen flow into rivers in 30 years. Chemical industries: Untreated chemical when released affects marine life, as sewage contains a high amount of pathogens which spread disease. Oil Spills: While huge oil tankers leak during transit, massive quantities of oil are spilled into oceans resulting in deaths of marine life. They die of hypothermia as oil sticks to their scales/feathers and they are not able to breathe and fly. As the water temperature fluctuates aquatic animals die. Oil spills have greater effects because of the fact that they are difficult to clean up. Continentally, Africa has highest amount of polluted water, having its greatest impact on South-Africa. African government has taken action by implementing laws and measures but they are not just enough. Africa being a developing continent, cannot afford the cost of treating all the waste. Some industries dispose the waste directly in water bodies. Even if a country is developed it can suffer from water pollution. Lithuania and Estonia (Europe) have 70% of all surface water polluted due to industrial activities. Due to Polands water polluted it is in shortage for water for industrial use. Baltic Sea is the most polluted sea in the world. In Asia most polluted waters are to be found in China, having 80% of its water polluted due to industrial waste. Japans majority populace is affected by Mina-Mata disease caused by methyl-mercury from the industrial wastewater of the Chisso Corporations chemical factory. This is a highly toxic chemical that can kill fishes. The fishes when eaten by the local people result in mercury poisoning. The possible outcomes are insanity, paralysis, coma and eventually death. Clean tap water is not available across USA, mostly up north, while other states receive contaminated water. The Senate and the Congress in America passed The Water Act in 1974 that could set national limits on certain contaminants in tap water. Australia has a comparatively low rate of water pollution. Many water projects are underway in Australia and people are enthusiastically helping to solve the problem of unsafe drinking water. Main source of pollution at Sydneys beach is affluent discharge from Bodi and Malabar waste water treatment plants. Waste water treatment plants collect waste water and remove solids and then treat waste water before realizing it into the environment. Water treatment can lead to greater life expectancy and deaths caused by contaminated water can be reduced. NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Im privileged to live in a country which has adequate water. By adequate, I mean there is enough for need, but unfortunately not enough for greed. Regrettably, India is amongst the top water polluters in the world. Since several decades, industrial wastes like chemicals, oils, carcinogens (cancer causing chemicals) and other poisonous substances are discharged into the rivers in large quantities. Its a fact the water shortage will be the worlds most serious issue in the coming years. Fights have already begun for water. Indian states are involved in legal battles over the rivers which they consider a part of their state. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry and Karnataka are fighting over the river Kaveri, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are fighting over river Krishna. In India, rivers have a great religious importance as well as are holy. People travel miles to bathe in sacred rivers. Due to water pollution, the water which was considered Amrita (Elixir) has now become poisonous. To some extent, bathing in the river does cause water pollution. Imagine thousands of people diving into rivers for a holy and spiritual bath. This does contaminate water and gives way to spread of infection. River water is used for hygienic purposes such as washing clothes, bathing etc. It has been found that expired medicines and used injections are thrown into the rivers. Out of the 1400 km of the river Yamuna, 600 km from Panipat to Etawa has been officially declared to be dead (this means this stretch of the river has 0% dissolved oxygen meaning that neither can water support any type of life nor is it suitable for any kind of use. Experts have found out that the level of coliform (harmful bacteria) in water is dangerous if its 50/100ml of drinking water. For bathing water, it is an approximate of 500 per 100ml is considered harmful. More than 500 means that the water is not even fit for bathing. It has been found that Delhis level of coliform is between 9,000,000 and 10,000,000. If this is the condition of the capital city; it can be assumed that in other parts of the country the conditions are worse. Even though the Indian government has introduced many Acts outlawing water pollution, it is unable to enforce it strongly. Industrial wastes are dumped into the ground by injecting them deep inside. This practice pollutes the underground freshwater. In India, water pollution is impacting on the health of the people. The industrially polluted water is treated by ordinary techniques, which still are not able to filter out the heavy metals such as lead and cadmium. This water is used in agricultural practices, and the produced crops like the fruits and vegetables contain these poisonous substances. This water can cause diseases after consumption like: 1. Bacterial Infections Typhoid, Cholera, Bacillary-Dysentery 2. Viral Infections Infectious Hepatitis (Jaundice), Poliomyelitis 3. Protozoan Infections Amoebic Dysentery Aji River flows nearby Rajkot and a dam is built on it to sustain it. An analysis of different water bodies in downstream of Aji dam indicates the most of water bodies within city limits are contaminated. Pollution of underground water due to electro-plating industries and sari-printing industries is also observed. These small- scale industries are proliferating but are also causing severe damage to underground, potable water which is becoming increasingly scarce. PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE Perspective the word itself means the way one looks at things. I believe perspectives, opinions, ideas and viewpoints change when we are encountered with something new. I have started believing that a day will come when we will be left with no fresh water. But I also feel that we can start with something small. My town, Rajkot has consistently good rainfall since the past years therefore we should collect and harvest the rainwater. This water can then be utilized in several ways. India celebrates Festival of colors called DHULETI. It used to be celebrated with only colours traditionally but now colored water and colored sprays have also been a part of the celebration. People in Rajkot including me waste gallons and gallons of water within 3 hours of celebration. There is high amount of water shortage in the city. I personally have had water problems that day. Personally I accept that statistics already show devastating effects but they can be lowered if all of us develop a different thinking. POSSIBLE SCENARIOS Today, water has become a major world issue which is predicted to rise even further due to industries, agriculture and many other contributing factors. Peoples health is already affected badly. There is massive outbreak of diseases and infections. I agree that there are vaccinations present for almost all of these diseases but the saddest part is that not all of the affected population can afford to get vaccinated. And worse, some people are not even aware. If this continues many diseases will spread even quicker via water. Clean water wont be available for drinking. If states today will fight for water, tomorrow individual people might fight for water and a small issue about water may start a fight that might be difficult to contain or halt. If not acted upon now, the future of the world is going to be very dry. POSSIBLE COURSES OF ACTION Water pollution needs to immediately be reduced. By taking simple measures, we can alleviate the levels of contamination and with constant and consistent effort, probably remove contamination altogether. The following are some ways in which that could be done: Wise usage of water and a sense of responsibility while using it. Spreading awareness to industrial firms and trying to make them relocate their sewage plants if they are depositing it untreated into water. Stricter laws about minimum usage of pesticide, fertilizer and herbicide per annum which will reduce surface run off. Passing Government Laws and Water Acts about treatment of drinking and sewage water. These are some primary steps which can at least help jump start the conservation process. Soon, if this is kept on-going, my may well be living in a contamination-free world. Thus, I believe to change some of this big and major issues, all we have to do is accumulate the courage to take the first step. PERSONAL RESPONSE After realizing the need for judicious use of water, I have reduced the use of water in cleaning my bicycle and bathing. The household help had been instructed to use less of water in washing utensils and clothes. She has been advised to not keep the tap running I think the use washing machines and dishwashers would be beneficial in saving a good amount of water. My father owns a chemical industry and he ensures that his industry does not deposit waste directly in the water body before sufficient treatment. I have decided and also gave notice of no water availability during Dhuleti celebration time in my apartment with the help of management committee To spread awareness in the society I have stuck poster on my societys notice board. I believe these small steps, if taken by everybody will make a drastic change in the overall picture of this nation. And for that, I do talk to my friends about saving water and its importance. I am convinced that spreading awareness is the ONLY way to tackle is increasingly prevalent problem. [Word count: 1971 Words]

Role Of Social Networking In Education Systems Information Technology Essay

Role Of Social Networking In Education Systems Information Technology Essay In current days the usage of social media like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and so on is very common. These social networking sites are used by millions of people throughout the world. The emergence of social networking creates a revolution among people for easy communication and knowledge sharing. In this essay we are going to discuss about the usage of social media in modernization of education system and the advantage of implementing social networking in modernization of education system in India. Modernization of education system: In India, education system currently present is mostly based on books and paper. I have a business idea regarding modernization of education system in India. Nowadays the lecturers in colleges teach using board and books for taking classes. According to my idea the concept of book based teaching is modified to e-resource usage in teaching and testing students. This process of conversion of books into e-resource will help the student to learn easily and quickly. This a powerful tool to disseminate the theories and formulas in books to students with proper examples. Current system: In India, all the colleges must be affiliated to some university. In that manner a single university controls over many colleges with same syllabus. All colleges under same university will follow the same syllabus for same subject. So all the students from different colleges have the same syllabus. But the way of teaching is different from college to college for the same subject. There is no common method of teaching for all colleges under same university. There is no communication among the students of different colleges. So socialization among the students gets affected. Assessment system: The syllabus for all colleges being same the exams are also conducted at same day in colleges with same questions to all students taking that subject. But the way of teaching and learning differs. They follow different materials for preparation for exams. As the core material would be text book prescribed by university, but the reference material will be entirely different. So the way of presenting answers different from student of one college to other college. Likewise the assignment also varies from college to college for same subject. There is no particular assessment for assignment. To neutralize this problem, our proposed system will be much better option. In our system the assessment will have common criteria and assignment must be framed by university which should be assessed properly as like exam. Proposed system: To establish a communication medium between students and enhance their opportunity of knowledge sharing we are planning a system. In our system, we need to convert all the teaching hints into PowerPoint presentations. We are going to prepare a general presentation for each subject which will be based on prescribed text book recommended by the university. All the students will be given handouts of teaching materials which will enhance their observation capacity and improve the understandability of concepts. For preparing that presentation we are going to hire professors from many universities. Each topic must have presentation which will be prepared by group of professors and approved by some experts in that area. All the student in all colleges must given access to all materials related to their subject (similar to Moodle in our university).The main thing is many colleges affiliated to same university must be connected under a network which will be maintained by our system. Because o f this connectivity all the students are able to communicate with one another to share their knowledge. Usage of software in the proposed system: The proposed system for universities in India will requires a good software system to run this system. The basic idea for this software is implementing social networking among the colleges which are come under same university. This also unique for all the colleges under same university. The basic reason behind this is just to connect student among different colleges who all are studying the same subject can share their ideas and knowledge learned in the subject. To get some practical ideas related to subject, students will use our system as medium of communication with external system which means students from other colleges. The reason which forces me to think in bringing social networking among students is increase in usage of social media websites by university students. As per the result of survey conducted by university students in social media usage shows that in overall 93% of college students are using social networking sites. Among the social networking sites, Facebook users are majority which occupies 96% of students, You Tube holds second among them which comprises of 84% of students. Blogs (14%), Twitter (14%), MySpace (12%), and LinkedIn (10%) respectively. In initial dayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s students who used the social networking sites just for entertainment purpose. But in current situation the awareness of social media to the students is bit higher, so the usage of social networking sites by the students for education purpose gets increased. So in future the rate will get increased further so that knowledge sharing will get expanded in student level. General use of implementing social networking in business: The main advantage of using social networking in any business are listed Establish communication among the employees at all levels which makes the degree of transparency between management and employees to become high Easy and cost effective tool for marketing a product Possibility to attract people of a particular group Effective and efficient way to improve the contacts around the world Faster way to reach people in cheapest way Easy to know about consumer realistic reviews by joining in consumer community Helps to analyze about competitors currently available in the market Advantages of social networking sites: Most of the students in the educational institution have been using the internet quite often. Social networking has become a revelation among the young generations by which it is easier for them to communicate between each other. Will social networking sites will be helpful if it is implemented along with educational forum like Moodle? There has been a big debate over this topic in the past. Many educational experts express their interest in changing current education system in India. Many researches are going on in the current system of education in universities. The advantages of implementing social media in modernization of education system are as follows Role of social networking sites in education: Social networking sites are related to web-based services that offer us an opportunity to socialize with others peers in the network It will be helpful in making new friends and importantly to meet new people through their general interest The new development in social networking sites are the developed and sustainable relationship between teachers and students in learning and sharing content Most of the students studying in colleges communicate to their peers regarding education through text messages or phone calls, nowadays mobile phones are prohibited in many colleges by the management. So they are in need for some other mode of communication. With the introduction of the social networking sites the students can have live interactions and chats to their peers which will largely benefit the students How the students will be benefitted out of this Social networking sites are web-based services that offer us an opportunity to socialize with others Increased exposure to varied views Utilizing all the study resources properly Increased skill in technology Development of communication skills Increased talent to work on group projects Many students already use these forms of technology, so they may be more engaged in learning if they utilize it They will get chance to share the ideas which they have learned in their subject How it is benefitted for the teachers Increased access to resources Can form partnerships with lecturers in other states or countries Exchange lesson plans and information with students Cheap and effective way to convey details to students Easy to give lecturers in class by having proper resource Organized structure of classes will help them to plan accordingly to cover syllabus in particular period of time Easy to clear doubts of students by creating a forum to their subject Role of social networking in staff recruitment: As per our idea, for the preparation of common materials we need to recruit experts for each subject. For selecting experts from all areas social networking plays a major role. LinkedIn is a major social networking site contains profiles of millions of experts which allow the recruiter to choose the effective and suitable person for each subject. LinkedIn proves to be first social networking sites with lot of profiles with experience in all areas. It paves way for searching experts for all the subjects. Overall benefits of social networking to our system: In overall, the benefits of implementing social networking in our system are as follows Cheap and effective ways of communication from different level of users like students, lecturers, and so on Improve the socialization among students as well as other users of the system Tend to increase the knowledge of students by improve the knowledge sharing Fast method to convey message to all students Improvise the standard of student in whole country Creates opportunity to know about latest technology and current events To get quick access to study resources any time and any where Lot of time consumed by preparing common material Lecturers will maintain records of all the students easily It will reduce the cost of communication to colleges It improves the result of students by having proper material which suits for students at all level Examples with Facebooks, blogs and forums: At Penn State University the library service has been using Facebook as one method of allowing students to contact the librarians with enquiries A survey conducted in 2006 found that more students were using Facebook to contact the librarians than any other method Forums are also a part of Social Software that can be a useful tool in education Forums are also related to Blogs, though a blog is centered around an individual, whereas a forum is centered more around an area of interest The major usage of the forum and blogs are the students can post their blogs and works so that others can comment and advise on it There may be a positive impact on climate within the classroom when students see staff as approachable

Comparing Merchant of Venice, Taming of the Shrew, and Much Ado About Nothing :: comparison compare contrast essays

Trickery and Disguise in Merchant of Venice, Taming of the Shrew, and Much Ado About Nothing      Ã‚   Shakespeare uses similar comic elements to effect similar outcomes in his works.   Many of his plays utilize trickery and disguise to accomplish similar endings.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trickery plays a major role in The Merchant of Venice and drives most of the action, while mistaken identity, specifically Portia's disguise as the "learned attorney's" representative, plays a major role in the resolution of the play.   The first instance of trickery in the play is Bassanio's plan to present himself as a financially sound suitor, when in truth, he is not.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bassanio believes that he would stand a very good chance of being the successful suitor if he had the proper money backing him.   Bassanio then goes to his friend Antonio to try to secure a loan to provide for his wooing.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O my Antonio, had I but the means/To hold a rival   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   place with one of them [other suitors]/I have a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   mind presages me such thrift/That I should   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   questionless be fortunate!" (Shakespeare,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Merchant 1.1 173-176)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, Antonio has, "neither the money, nor commodity/to raise a present sum" but urges Bassanio to go through Venice to try to secure a loan using Antonio's bond as credit (Shakespeare, Merchant 1.1 178-179).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the resident money-lenders of Venice is an individual called Shylock, a person of Jewish descent. The practice of usury was traditionally banned by the Christian church.   This allowed many Jews, because their belief system contained no objection to profitable money-lending, to become the de facto loan officers.   Bassanio approaches Shylock to ask for a loan, and Shylock seems as if he is going to agree, however, he first asks to speak with Antonio.   It is revealed in an aside that Shylock harbors a secret hatred of Antonio because of his religion and Shylock's belief that Antonio's practices drive down the interest rates that Shylock can charge in Venice. Here we see the second instance of trickery and deception within The Merchant of Venice. Shylock seems to have great knowledge of the positions of Antonio's fleet and ominously notes that, "ships are but boards, sailors but men" (Shakespeare,

Electrical Vehicles and Benefits to the Environment Essay example -- E

Electrical Vehicles and Benefits to the Environment      There is a serious problem facing the world right now.   It is air pollution.   The number one contributor to this epidemic is automobile emissions.   We have all heard of the issues that are involved with air pollution including the depletion of the o-zone layer, the green house effect, and acid rain.   The problem has been scoped from every imaginable angle, and now it is time to solve the problem.   I propose that each of the ‘Big Three’ (Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler) car manufacturers be required to have 10% of their product line as EV’s By the year 2010.   I propose this because it will be the start of cleaner air, EV advancement, and awareness of EV’s and how they work.   The first step in getting this proposal to become law is to talk with congress people from our own states.   We must first let the idea get bounced around before we start to attack to top of the totem pole.   In the proposal will be the reasons as to why we are making such a bold statement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first reason is to achieve cleaner air.   Ever since the invention of vehicles, they have been polluters.   It started with the horse draw carriages which led to the horses leaving their anal discharge on the roads.   Next came the steam engine which burned fuel to heat the boilers and started an era of air pollution.   Soon after came the internal combustion engine which worked harder and polluted even more.   Not until the early 1900’s was there a trend away from the internal combustion engine.   The electric vehicle was â€Å"first introduced in England in 1911, for the purpose of urban delivery of milk to households all over the country.   The new electric vehicle replaced the outdated horse and cart, h... ...kground to our EV Project†Ã‚   Alternate Power Products Asia Ltd. â€Å"Plugging In The Future†Ã‚   ASU RESEARCH, FALL/WINTER 1995 â€Å"Charging toward the Future†Ã‚   Copyright 1998 General Motors Corporation â€Å"‘Faster Charger’ Shortens Electric Vehicle Recharging Time From Hours To Minutes†Ã‚   Copyright 1998 General Motors Corporation â€Å"A Brief History†Ã‚  Ã‚   Johnson Controls Systems      

Budget and Budgeting Techniques Essay

Answer- 1: Answer- 1 India was a closed economy in the beginning. Policy banning imports. The Liberalization of India’s Government in 1991. New Industrial Policy. Strict policies regarding the entry of foreign brands. Trade rules & regulations simplified. Foreign investment increased. Pepsi enters in 1986. Coca-Cola follows in 1993. Contd †¦ Slide 14: Unlawful to market under their Western name in India Pepsi became â€Å"Lehar Pepsi†. Coca-Cola merged with Parle and became â€Å"Coca-Cola India†. Different Laws for Pepsi and Coke Coca-Cola agreed to sell off 49% of its stock as a condition of entering and buying out an Indian company. Pepsi entered earlier, and was not subject to this. Contd †¦ Slide 15: India forced Coke to sell 49% of its equity to Indian investors in 2002. Coke asked for a second extension that would delay it until 2007 which was denied. Pepsi was held to this since they entered India in a different year. Coke asked the Foreign Investment Promotion Board to block the votes of the Indian shareholders who would control 49% of Coke. Change in oversight of the FIPB: Past lobbying efforts made useless. Contd †¦ Slide 16: Could these problems have been forecasted prior to market entry? Probably not Inconsistent, and changing government. How could these developments in the political arena have been handled differently? Coke could of agreed to start new bottling plants instead of buying out Parle, and thus wouldn’t of had to agree to sell 49% of their equity. Answer-2: Answer-2 Coca-Cola’s Pros & Cons of Timing of Entry in the Indian Market: Coca-Cola’s P ros & Cons of Timing of Entry in the Indian Market Benefits Parle offered its bottling plants in 4 major cities. Made its return to India with Britannia Industries India Ltd. Disadvantages Rigid Rules and Regulations. Buying of bottling plants leads to 49% disinvestment. Local demand of carbonated drinks is as very low. Harder to establish themselves. Pepsi’s Pros & Cons of Timing of Entry in the Indian Market: Pepsi’s Pros &  Cons of Timing of Entry in the Indian Market Benefits Own set up green filled bottling plants. Advantage of coming before Coca Cola. Government policies favored the company. Joint venture with Volta’s and Punjab Agro. Gained 26% share by 1993. Disadvantages Pepsi approached Parle but it was rejected. Launched 7up and there is stiff competition in the market for lemon drinks. Answer-3 Responses to India’s Enormity : Answer-3 Responses to India’s Enormity Pepsi and coca-cola responded in many ways to the enormity of India in terms of it population and geography. Conti .. Cont..: Cont.. Product Policies: Catering to Indian tastes Entering with products close to those already available in India such as colas, fruit drinks, carbonated waters Waiting to introduce American type drinks Coca-Cola introducing Sprite recently Introducing new products Bottled water Conti .. Cont.. : Cont.. Promotional Activities: Both advertise and use promotional material at Navratri . Pepsi gives away premium rice and candy with Pepsi Coca-Cola offers free passes, Coke giveaways as well as vacations Use of different campaigns for different areas of India â€Å" India A† campaigns try to appeal to young urbanites â€Å" India B† campaigns try to appeal to rural areas Cont†¦: Cont†¦ Pricing Policies: Pepsi started out with an aggressive pricing policy to try to get immediate market share from Indian competitors Coca-Cola cut its prices by 15-25% in 2003 Attempt to encourage consumption to try to compete with Pepsi and gain market share Contd ..: Contd .. Distribution Arrangements: Production plants and bottling centers placed in large cities all around India More added as demand grew and as new products were added Answer-4 Coke and Pepsi’s â€Å"Glocalization Strategies†: Answer-4 Coke and Pepsi’s â€Å" Glocalization Strategies† What is â€Å" Glocalization †? Global + Localization = Glocalization By taking a product global, a firm will have  more success if they adapt it specifically to the location and culture that they are trying to market it in. Both companies have successfully implemented glocalization Pepsi’s Glocalization: Pepsi’s Glocalization Pepsi forms joint venture when first entering India with two local partners, Voltas and Punjab Agro, forming â€Å"Pepsi Foods Ltd †. In 1990, Pepsi Foods Ltd. changed the name of their product to â€Å"Lehar Pepsi† to conform with foreign collaboration rules . In keeping with local tastes, Pepsi launched its Lehar 7UP in the clear lemon category. Pepsi’s Glocalization: Pepsi’s Glocalization Advertising is done during the cultural festival of Navrtri , a traditional festival held in the town of Gujarat which lasts for nine days. Pepsi’s most effective glocalization strategy has been sponsoring world famous Indian athletes, such as cricket and soccer players. Coca-Cola’s Glocalization: Coca-Cola’s Glocalization First joined forces with the local snack food producer Britannia Industries India Ltd. in the early 90’s. Formed a joint venture with the market leader Parle in 1993. For the festival of Navratri , Coca-Cola issued free passes to the celebration in each of its â€Å"Thumps Up† bottles. Also ran special promotions where people could win free vacations to Goa, a resort state in western India. Coca-Cola’s Glocalization: Coca-Cola’s Glocalization Coca-Cola also hired several famous â€Å"Bollywood† actors to endorse their products. Who could forget†¦ Answer-5: Answer-5 Yes, we agree that Coca-Cola India made mistakes in planning and managing its return to India. They wrongly forecasted Indian political environment due to which they had to dilute their stakes later (49% disinvestment). They rejected the plan to put up green fields bottling plants as they took over Parle’s existing bottling plants. Coca cola tried to get extensions twice. Answer -6: Answer -6 Pepsi and Coke can confront the issue of water use in the manufacturing of their products by the use of canal irrigation & rainwater harvesting. Then they can also put water recycling plant to treat the discharged water from their factories and then they can provide that water to farmers for their agricultural use. This way the ground water problem can also be solved and managed. Cont..: Cont.. Coke can further defuse boycotts or demonstrations against their products in California by doing Ad-campaigns in which they can ask the experts from the ministry of health to convey the message to the public that their products are safe and healthy. They can also hire celebrities to do the Ads for their products because the public follows them. Coke should address the group directly because their company was not wrong and they should justify themselves. Answer-7: Pepsi Better marketing and advertising strategies Widely accepted More preferable More market share Less Political conflicts Coke Government conflicts Trailing Pepsi in market share Pepsi will fare better in the long run Answer-7 Answer-8 Pepsi’s Lessons Learned: Answer-8 Pepsi’s Lessons Learned Beneficial to keep with local tastes Beneficial to pay attention to market trends Celebrity appeal makes for exceptional advertising It pays to keep up with emerging trends in the market Coca-Cola’s Lesson’s Learned: Coca-Cola’s Lesson’s Learned Pay specific attention to deals made with the government Establish a good business relationship with the government Investment in quality products Advertising is crucial

United Nations Environment Programme Environmental Sciences Essay

The United Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) matching United Nations environmental programme, back uping developing states in implement environmentally strongHYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_peacebuilding † policies and patterns. It was start as a consequence of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in June 1972 and has its central offices in Nairobi, Kenya. UNEP has six regional offices and different state offices. UNEP is represent transversally the Earth by six regional offices: in Africa Nairobi, Kenya. Asia and the Pacific in Bangkok, Thailand. Europe in Geneva, Switzerland. Latin America and the Caribbean in Mexico City, Mexico. North America in Washington DC, USA, and West Asia in Manama, Bahrain. UNEP ‘s planetary and transverse scrotal position is throw back image in its organisational construction, its behavior and its human resources. UNEP staff semen from about 100 states. About tierce of UNEP ‘s about 1,000 staff reside and work in Nairobi ; the most are located around the universe in more than 28 metropoliss in 25 states. UNEP ‘s planetary foundation is in Nairobi, Kenya. It is peculiar of merely two UN programme headquartered in the underdeveloped universe. Bing base in Africa give UNEP a first-hand considerate of the environmental job expression developing states. UNEP has a caput office in Paris, France, anyplace its Division of Technology, Industry and Economics ( DTIE ) is headquartered. UNEP and DTIE have subdivisions in Geneva, Switzerland, and Osaka in Japan. UNEP ‘s chief mission is provide leading and promote partnership in helpful for the environment by animating, inform, and enable states and peoples to develop their quality of life without via media that of future coevalss. UNEP is the nominative authorization of the United Nations system in environmental impact at the planetary and regional degree. Its understanding is to organize the enlargement of environmental policy consensus by maintained the planetary environment under reappraisal and convey lifting issues to the consideration of authoritiess and the international community for action. The bid and aims of UNEP emanate from United Nations General Assembly declaration 2997 ( XXVII ) of 15 December 1972 and subsequent amendment adopted at UNCED in 1992, the Nairobi Declaration on the Role and Mandate of UNEP, adopted at the Nineteenth Session of the UNEP Governing Council, and the Malmo Ministerial Declaration of 31 May 2000. Its actions cover a big series of issues about the ambiance, Marine and tellurian ecosystems. It has play a of import portion in developing international environmental conventions, promote environmental scientific discipline and information and exemplifying the m those can work in concurrence with policy, working on the development and execution of policy with national authoritiess and regional establishment and working in concurrence with environmental Non-Governmental Organizations ( NGOs ) . UNEP has besides been lively in grant and processing environmentally related development undertakings. UNEP has aided in the development of guidelines and pacts on issues such as the international trade in potentially unsafe chemicals, Tran border air pollution, and taint of international waterways. The World Meteorological Organization and the UNEP founded the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) in 1988. UNEP is besides one of some Implementing Agencies for the Global Environment Facility Major maps are International agreements to better environmental protection, Periodic appraisals and scientifically sound prognosiss to keep declaration devising and international consensus on the chief environmental menaces and response to them, keep for more helpful national and international response to environmental menaces, including policy advice to authoritiess, many-sided organisations and others to beef up environmental protection and integrated environmental considerations into the sustainable development pattern, More successful coordination of environmental affair surrounded by the UN system, better consciousness and installation for environmental direction between authoritiess, the private sector and civil society, Better apprehension of the link between environment and human security, poorness obliteration, and forestalling and extenuating natural catastrophes. UNEP, s duties are Promoting international cooperation in the field of the environment and urge appropriate policies, Monitoring the significance of the planetary environment and assemblage and circulating environmental information, Catalyzing environmental consciousness and accomplishment to turn to major environmental menaces between authorities, the private sector and civil humanity, Facilitating the coordination of UN actions on affairs concerned with the environment, and guarantee, through aid, affair and engagement, that their behavior take environmental considerations into history, Developing regional programmes for environmental sustailiability. Helping, upon petition, environment ministries and other environmental governments, in peculiar in developing states and states with economic systems in passage, to explicate and implement environmental policies, Supplying country-level environmental capacity edifice and engineering support, functioning to develop international environmental jurisprudence, and supplying professional advice on the development and usage of environmental constructs and instruments. The understanding through standards-driven environmental policy in developed states over the past decennaries suggest that the authorization environmental criterions and engineerings acted as a draw on economic growing and costs have been far better than expected, while still rather low-cost given their high incomes. This realisation has induced developed states to look for more capable or at least less valuable agencies of achieve the same degree of environmental security during the usage of economic or market-based instruments. For developing states and the transitional economic systems of Eastern Europe and the old Soviet Union, the divorce of environmental policy from economic policy and from strivings to accomplish sustainable development is nonmeaningful and potentially black both economically and environmentally. Where criterions of life are intolerably low, where poorness is a major beginning and victim of environmental debasement, where natural resource direction is the engine of growing, where once designed economic systems struggle to reconstitute and retrieve, enforcing restraints on economic activity to protect the environment for its ain interest instead than as an input in sustainable development has really limited entreaty. Under these status, environmental policy can non be divorced from economic policy and development scheme. Furthermore, under conditions of speedy economic growing and huge structural alteration, mandated criterions and engineerings that permit no room for differential answe r and alteration to rapidly altering fortunes be together really valuable and hard to implement. Command-and-controls require the generous usage of assets such as capital, authorities income, direction accomplishments, administrative and enforcement capablenesss, the really factors that are in scarce supply in developing and reforming economic systems. The challenge for developing states and transitional economic systems is to categorise and follow instrument that articulation together environmental and economic policy and that are penurious in their usage of scarce development and direction resources instruments that allow differential response by economic units and adjust flexibly to altering fortunes. The hunt for instruments of environmental direction in developing states and transitional economic systems is a hunt for instruments of sustainable development. Economic instruments meet most of these conditions and are unambiguously suited for the integrating of environmental and economic policy and can be designed to progress sustainable development.

Ideas, Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs about Education and the Linguistic devices applied to Texts 2 and 3 of the Anthology

Text two Comprehensive was written by Carol Ann Duffy, and was taken from her first major collection Standing Female Nude, which was published in 1985. Since becoming a mother, Duffy has become more interested in writing for, and about children. Comprehensive is a literary piece written in first person narrative that represents speech however, it is intended to be read silently. The poem deals with the ethnic minorities, and the attitudes of different children living in Britain. The first stanza is about a young girl from Africa, and she explains how she prefers Africa to England. We get the impression that this girl is no that happy living in England. â€Å"We talk a lot about the things we used to do in Africa and then we are happy† (lines 6 and 7). In the second stanza, the sentences are a lot shorter and harsher. It is about a 14yr old boy named Wayne who is from England, who we would stereotype as â€Å"White Trash†. We get the impression from the sentence structure and the abrupt language used, that this boy is not very well educated. In fact, the young African girl in stanza one seems to have better English than the boy in stanza two due to better sentence structures that flow a lot more easier. This boy also shows in this stanza that he is racist. â€Å"Paki-bashing† (line 9) and â€Å"I don't suppose I'll get a job. It's all them coming over here to work† (lines 12 and 13) Here we see his prejudices, and how he is blaming â€Å"them† for him thinking he'll never have a job. Referring to these people as â€Å"them† shows how little he thinks of them. We can link stanza two to stanza 4, which is about a girl from England who sees life as boring. The sentences here are stilted and the use of idiomatic and colloquial language, gives the impression of the typical teenager, white trash stereotype displayed in the children written about from England. Also, linking to stanza 2, it is also subtly racist, â€Å"Marlon Frederic's nice but he's a bit dark† (line 23). Stanza 6 also links with 2 and 4, due to the racist prejudices displayed. Also, this person shows how he has been fed what he wants to be in the future, suggesting that children in England have no real dreams and ambitions of their own, so they live off what is expected of them. â€Å"I'm going into the Army. No choice really† (lines 36-37). But also, we see how this boy wants to emigrate and live in Australia. Although Australia is an English speaking country, he'll still be in exactly the same position as the ethnic minorities living in England (A pomme in an Au ssie's Society). From the stanzas which are about the children in the ethnic minorities, we see them all link together by the way they explain how happy they were when they lived in there place of origin. And how important it is for them to stay close to their families and loved ones. â€Å"Families face Mecca† (line 16) everyone coming together to pray! The last stanza is about how family is very important to one boy, and also how difficult he is finding it to adjust to a strange school where he doesn't understand what his teacher is telling him â€Å"The teacher told us to drink our milk. I didn't understand what she was saying so I didn't get any milk† (lines 43-45). At the end of the last stanza, we see how this person is ambitious and has hope for the future, opposed to those who have grown up here. Text three The Play Way was written by Seamus Heaney, the winner of the Noble Prize for literature in 1995. He became a full-time writer after studying and teaching at Queen's University in Belfast until 1972. The Play Way is taken from his first selection of poems, Death of a Naturalist, published in 1966. The Play Way is a literary piece, written in first person narrative and scripted to be read aloud. The poem is about a more relaxed way of education, as suggested by the title. This poem is written in quatrains (equal 4 line stanzas), with enjambment to make the poem flow easily and seem more relaxed. In the first stanza, he personifies the music â€Å"The music strides to challenge it† (line 3). In stanza 2, we see the generation gap between pupils and teacher. The children are not sure who Beethoven is, or what type of music he composed, as a child's perspective of music would be the type of music, which would appear mostly to them. â€Å"Can we jive?† (Line 8) is an expression we would link with the Rock ‘n' Roll type of music, or in this case the type of music which appeals to the children. We see that the music seems to have a magical quality for the teacher as it grabs the children's concentration. â€Å"†¦ Working its private spell behind eyes that stare wide† (lines 13 and 14). Comparing this poem to Text 25, The First Time, by Evelyn Waugh, Paul (a teacher in the poem) had to get the class on his side, but was forced to use a more firmer method to gain the control he wanted which set the text firmly in it's time. It shows The Play Way is a more modern and relaxed way of teaching. â€Å"Their blundering embrace of the free† (line 16) suggests that the lesson was a successful one. In the last stanza, he describes how he sees progression in â€Å"New Looks† (line 19), and how they have sub-consciously, found out more about themselves â€Å"To fall into themselves unknowingly† (line 20).

Dpe Paper

DPE and Goal Instruction If teaching were as simple as using the one best way to teach everything, it would be considered a science. However, there isn’t just one correct method to teach everything. That is the reason teaching is an art. If teaching meant to follow a text book and a â€Å"one size fits all† approach, then anyone would be a master teacher. That is why teachers and especially special educators unique and special.That is why teachers know that individual needs, strengths and weaknesses must be considered to make the instructional process successful and geared to equip the student to achieve his optimum skills and abilities to meet the challenges of daily living. Students come with their own individual packages and no two of them are alike. Even though the curriculum is the same, no two students learn the same way. Teachers are challenged to meet the students’ â€Å"package† and to create an approach at instruction that take into consideration the students’ differing abilities, strengths and needs are satisfied.To compound the challenges of instruction, the intellectually disabled (ID) student presents additional dynamics that impact the art of teaching. This paper presents the diagnostic/prescriptive/evaluation (DPE) strategy of instruction for ID students. The DPE is not a concept. Educators have been using it for decades (Mann and Phillips, 1967). During the past 40 years it has been improved and refined (Ewing & Brecht). The paper examines each of the components of DPE: diagnosis, prescription, and evaluation (Thomas, 1996). In conclusion it presents two applications of implementing the DPE with two students diagnosed with ID.The diagnostic process requires great skill and effort from the teacher. Alone the special educator cannot perform all the necessary functions of diagnosis. With the assistance of the other members of the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) and other service personnel, they are able to determine the needs of individual learners and to specify instructional objectives that will help the student satisfy his educational needs (Eisele, 1967). During this phase the teacher is to determine the most demanding needs of the student. The entire diagnostic process depends upon the ccurate identification of these needs. The specialists on the MDT provide the teacher with the data, or means of acquiring the data, about the student that are necessary for determining the student’s needs. This takes the form of providing formal and informal testing services for testing students, supplying the data that has been acquired from the testing, and providing the testing batteries that could be used for this purpose (Eisele, 1967). This becomes the Present Levels of Performance (PLOP) of the Individualized Education Program (IEP).When the MDT has collected all of the significant data and determined the demanding needs of the student, then the teacher and the specialists develop the instruc tional goals and objectives appropriate for specific needs. These goals are selected from curriculum domains and the objectives can be selected from curriculum guides and resource units. Also the teacher and specialist can generate their own objectives. When talking to the teacher and specialists, I asked what type of instructional activities and materials they use for students with ID?The teacher and specialists stated that they prescribe instructional activities and materials suitable for the student to master his objectives. This constitutes the second step in the DPE process. Prescribed learning is based on short- and long-term goals that are established for the individual student and are based on the skills needed to be mastered. Within these goals are markers to establish where there are gaps in the learning process. Instruction that follows will teach only to what the student still needs to master to be successful. It capitalizes on the strength of the student to fill in the learning gaps.The prescriptive process can be applied to almost any subject area, academic and behavioral (Deschel, Susan, 2012). Three important teaching strategies for students diagnosed with ID: 1) tasks should be broken down into small component steps and learned in sequence, 2) teaching techniques should be experiential, concrete, visual and hands-on rather than cognitive, abstract and verbally delivered in lecture form, and 3) feedback should be immediate for the student to make a connection between his answer, behavior, or question and the teacher’s response.The third phase is the evaluation process. This is a two-pronged process for the teacher. First, evaluation is necessary to assess needs and, second, to evaluate the student’s progress toward achieving his objectives. Through the evaluation process teacher monitors the understanding and performance of students before teaching the lesson, while teaching, and after teaching the lesson. The evaluation process c an inform the teacher of the effectiveness of his lessons with individuals, small groups of students, or whole classes, depending on the instruments used (Guskey, 2003).Instruction and evaluation are interactive. The teacher may evaluate student learning on the spot, or collect data at different points in time and compare progress over units of instruction. Moment-by-moment assessments allow the teacher to tap into student’s developing understandings about the objective and to enable the teacher to correct misconceptions immediately. Observations recorded over time allow the teacher to identify patterns of development and document learning gains (Guskey, 2003). This can be accomplished in many ways.Devices appropriate for the evaluating progress are data keeping, checklists, logs, standardized tests, and paper and pencil tests. Now we consider the practical applications of DPE in a classroom. Antoine is a 12 year old, sixth grader, who is diagnosed with ID and is in a special education classroom. His MDT has completed their assessments and has developed his IEP. One of his goals includes math readiness. His objective is to be able to match manipulatives to numbers expressed on cards with verbal prompting.The teacher has developed prescriptive lesson plans to enable Antoine develop the needed skills to match the manipulatives to the numbers. His first lesson is to match manipulatives to the number expressed on a picture communication symbol (PCS). He encounters difficulty in matching the manipulatives to the number on the PCS. His teacher notes the difficulty evaluating Antoine’s learning skill gap. She introduces PCS with a number of manipulatives on it equal to a number on the top of the PCS. Antoine begins to associate the manipulative with the number on the card.As he experiences success in matching the manipulatives to the number, the teacher replaces the PCS with two cards, one with the number and the other with the manipulatives. After coll ecting data indicating Antoine’s progress, the teacher removes the manipulative card. Antoine now begins to match the manipulatives to the number on the PCS. For the second example we meet John. John is a 15 year old with a diagnosis of ID and behavioral issues. He has recently developed the habit, when he becomes frustrated, of head butting objects and individuals.His MTD has met and analyzed the situation and has developed a plan to extinguish this behavior and have John express his frustration in positive behaviors. They have listed the times when John has become frustrated, the antecedent(s), and indicators that precede his head butting. The prescriptive element is to develop initially plans for John to identify his feeling of frustration and to express his emotion to the teacher. As the staff observes John during class times, they begin to note those antecedents that indicate John is becoming frustrated. They plan interventions with John to alleviate his build up of frus tration.There is the constant interplay of the diagnostic, prescriptive and evaluation processes until John is able to identify the cause of his frustration and release it with positive behaviors. There are many specific techniques that can assist in teaching students with ID. They can be summarized into three, more, general strategies. First is to allow more time and practice for the students to successfully master the objective. Second is to embed the activities into daily living or functioning as much as possible. Third is to include the student both in the social and academic activities.Diagnostic/prescriptive/evaluation strategies have been employed in the classroom as an educational strategy to remedy learning deficits (Ewing & Brecht, 1977). After speaking with a teacher about the roles and procedures that plays in the daily class, she shared with me that the diagnostic process helps the educational team define the student’s abilities and deficits. The prescriptive pro cess provides a means to plan and teach the skills and concepts a student needs most. The evaluation process measures the learning increments of any magnitude. It enables the team to redefine the diagnostic and prescriptive as needed.The DPE strategy emphasizes and identifies a prioritized life goal curriculum planning approach to identify functional skills and concepts need by a student with ID to become as successful as possible in adult life. The DPE approach assesses each student’s abilities and progress toward those individual life goals (Thomas, 1996). References Dreschel, Susan. (2012). Prescriptive Learning. http://www. ehow. com. Eisele, James E. (1967). Diagnostic Teaching: Can the Curriculum Specialist Help? Educational Leadership, January 1967. Washington, DC. Ewing, Norma & Brecht, Richard. (1977).Diagnostic/Prescriptive Instruction: A Reconsideration of Some Issues. Journal of Special Education, vol. 11. Los Angeles CA: Sage Publications. Guskey, T. R. (2003). U sing Data to Improve Student Achievement. Educational Leadership. Kauffman, James M. & Hung, Li-Yu. (2009). Special Education for Intellectual Disability: Current Trends and Perspectives. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Inc. Thomas, Glen E. (1996) Teaching Students with Mental Retardation: A Life Goal Curriculum Planning Approach. Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Alternative Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Alternative Energy - Essay Example Small turbines can generate 100 kilowatts and are used to provide electricity to one home. Batteries store the energy from the turbine which powers the home. Large turbines are generally grouped together. These â€Å"wind farms† provide power directly to the electric grid. (â€Å"Energy Basics,† 2011) Horizontal axis turbines consist of two or three blades attached to a rotor that is placed on tall tower structure facing either away from or into the prevailing wind current. The wind is less turbulent and stronger at elevated heights, generally of 100 feet or more. Each blade is curved much like the wing of an airplane to maximize its potential. As the wind blows across a blade, the side of the blade facing downwind creates a lower-pressure pocket. The pressure differential between the front and backside of the blade turns the rotor. This phenomenon is called â€Å"lift†, the same as the wind dynamics on the wing of a plane. The wind striking the front of the blad e is called â€Å"drag† which is much weaker than the â€Å"lift† force on the backside. â€Å"The combination of lift and drag causes the rotor to spin like a propeller, and the turning shaft spins a generator to make electricity.† (â€Å"Energy Basics,† 2011) Vertical axis wind turbines come in two varieties, Darrieus and Savonius. Neither of these types is widely utilized. The Savonius is used for pumping water and grinding grains but due to its relatively slow rotation velocity is impractical for generating electricity. The turbines appear to be S-shaped when viewed from above the unit. The Darrieus, invented in the 1920’s, is usually described as an eggbeater in appearance. This type may become used more often due to its greater amount of lift per rotation. (â€Å"Energy Basics,† 2011) Wind turbines... Horizontal axis turbines consist of two or three blades attached to a rotor that is placed on tall tower structure facing either away from or into the prevailing wind current. The wind is less turbulent and stronger at elevated heights, generally of 100 feet or more. Each blade is curved much like the wing of an airplane to maximize its potential. As the wind blows across a blade, the side of the blade facing downwind creates a lower-pressure pocket. The pressure differential between the front and backside of the blade turns the rotor. This phenomenon is called â€Å"lift†, the same as the wind dynamics on the wing of a plane. The wind striking the front of the blade is called â€Å"drag† which is much weaker than the â€Å"lift† force on the backside. â€Å"The combination of lift and drag causes the rotor to spin like a propeller, and the turning shaft spins a generator to make electricity.† (â€Å"Energy Basics,† 2011) Vertical axis wind turbines come in two varieties, Darrieus and Savonius. Neither of these types is widely utilized. The Savonius is used for pumping water and grinding grains but due to its relatively slow rotation velocity is impractical for generating electricity. The turbines appear to be S-shaped when viewed from above the unit. The Darrieus, invented in the 1920’s, is usually described as an eggbeater in appearance. This type may become used more often due to its greater amount of lift per rotation. Wind turbines produce electricity but does not pollute the atmosphere nor are chemicals used that could contaminate the land.

Efficiency of Foreign Exchange Market Coursework

Efficiency of Foreign Exchange Market - Coursework Example In efficient markets, there are opportunities neither for the hedgers nor for the speculators to make super-normal profits (Fama, 1970). In such a situation, speculative efficiency and arbitraging efficiency exist. The speculative efficiency hypothesis is the proposition that says if there is speculative efficiency in the market, the expected rate of return to due speculation in the forward foreign exchange market is zero (Hansen and Hodrick, 1980). The arbitraging efficiency hypothesis is the proposition that the expected rate of return to covered or uncovered interest arbitrage in the international capital market is zero. Interest arbitrage is a form of arbitrage where funds are taken out of home country to invest in a foreign country’s interest bearing securities. This strategy tries to make profit from the difference in interest rate of the two countries. Interest arbitrage is a central concept to understand the foreign exchange movements. Literature Review For testing the speculative efficiency of any foreign exchange market, many academicians consider the hypothesis that the forward price is the best forecast available of future spot price. For the test of arbitraging efficiency, several authors test covered interest parity (CIP), i.e. the parity between the forward discount from the expected spot and the interest differential between a pair of currencies. Since transactions costs and risk premium are there in the price, now it has become a widely known fact that, rejecting the CIP test doesn’t necessarily imply that the market is arbitraging inefficient. In the context of a simple forward market model it can be shown that arbitraging efficiency can exist even if CIP does not hold and transactions costs and risk premium are absent (Stein, 1965). In reality, prices include transaction costs and there is a presence of risk premium for the risk taken by taking position on that particular asset. Since transactions costs and risk premium exist in practice (Bilson, 1981); a departure from CIP does not necessarily imply arbitraging inefficiency. With transactions costs and risk premium, it can be shown that the null hypothesis for testing CIP differs from that for testing arbitraging efficiency. Frequent failures of the tests of market efficiency as the forward discount deviates from either the interest differential or expected depreciation; have led researchers to postulate the existence of a risk premium. There have been also a lot of cases of large difference of average holding returns across asset classes. Moreover the risk premium has been time dependent (Grauer et al, 1976). Researchers have often tested for a risk premium as a function of the variance of forecast errors or of the exchange rate movements (Domowitz and Hakkio, 1985). A usual initiative for researchers while testing for speculative efficiency is that they take for granted that speculators are risk neutral. Empirical studies for a large variety of currenci es and time periods and for the recent floating experience tend to report results which are unfavorable to the efficient market hypothesis under risk neutrality (Longworth, 1981; Fama, 1984). For the period 1973 to 1979, Hansen and Hodrick (1980), using weekly data and three-month forward rates and carrying out tests involving the currencies of seven countries which are Canada, France, Italy,

Faculty empowerment and the changing university environment Research Paper

Faculty empowerment and the changing university environment - Research Paper Example Empowerment acts as a lubricant in reducing the workloads or job stresses of the employees with respect to their profession. Globalization and Liberalization has increased the requirement of empowerment because of the diversity of workforce working in the current organizations. Leadership styles are changing day by day in organizations because of the immense changes happening in the business world at present. Many of the traditional management concepts were given way for scientific management principles at present. For example, earlier, most of the organizations encourage autocratic management styles in their workplaces in order to derive maximum out of the employees. Moreover, traditional organizations encouraged only the individual works. However, modern organizations adopt democratic style management in their workplaces and they also encourage team work in their workplaces. Relationship building is accepted as the core of every organizational function at present. Without employee empowerment programs it is difficult for organizations to prepare their employees capable of meeting the present and future challenges. Most of the prominent organizations are working at an international environment at present. For example, most of the prominent universities have diverse instructors and students. For example, in many of the American and British universities, both the students and faculties constitute people from all over the world. Many Indian and Pakistani students and faculties are studying and working in these universities at present. Because of such extreme diversity in such campuses, the needs of the local students and foreign students may clash each other. Even the diverse faculties face difficulties in their profession because of the cultural differences between their country and that of other countries. Empowerment is the only way to prepare the faculties capable of meeting their professional challenges in diverse environment. â€Å"Empowerment is the proce ss of increasing the capacity of individuals or groups to make choices and to transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes† (Empowerment, 2009). It is difficult for a person to achieve the desired targets in his personal and professional life without seeking help from other sources. Moreover, the complexity of the job functions are growing day by day and without proper guidance, it is difficult for the employees to complete their tasks independently. Some employees may have better ideas; however, in order to convert such ideas in to practice, empowerment is required. For example, it is difficult for a professor to excel in his profession if he fails to update his knowledge. A physics professor who is around 50 years old may not have many ideas about the current developments in electronics or computer science. The inventions happening in the electronic world is huge and without empowerment or training, that professor cannot update his knowledge. â€Å"Empowerment is a multi-dimensional social process that helps people gain control over their own lives. It is a process that fosters power in people for use in their own lives, their communities and in their society, by acting on issues they define as important (Page & Czuba, 1999) Empowerment is a general term which is applied in almost all the segments of life activities nowadays. It is now applied as a core concept in education, politics and economic circles. Human often tries to improve the quality of all the life segments. The quality improvement of life is not possible without empowerment. For example, nowadays people talk about quality education. Quality education is possible only if the educational aids